New and Emerging Technologies

Question 1

What are factories split into?

Answer 1

Shops; a pressing shop, an axle shop, a body shop, a paint shop, a plastics shop and a casting shop.

Question 2

What is it called when robots are used to carry out repetitive tasks

Answer 2

Automation

Question 3

Why are robots useful?

Answer 3

They create more job opportunities such as fixing them and programming, they ensure all products are identical, they can do this at high speeds with very high precision that make initial costs worthwhile.

Question 4

What is the skill called where individuals or organisations look for business opportunities/ gaps in markets and take risks in order to make things happen?

Answer 4

Enterprise

Question 5

What is it called when new ideas are brought to markets, and new inventions or developments are made.

Answer 5

Innovation

Question 6

What is crowdfunding?

Answer 6

A method of funding by raising money from large numbers of people instead of getting money from institutions or a small number of wealthy people.

Question 7

What is a future method of marketing where social networks and websites are used to increase brand awareness?

Answer 7

Virtual marketing and retailing

Question 8

What is a co-operative?

Answer 8

A company business owned and self-managed by its workers.

Question 9

Fair trade

Answer 9

A movement created to help producers in developing or low income countries to achieve fair and better trading conditions.

Question 10

Sustainability

Answer 10

Meeting present-day demands and needs without compromising the needs of future generations.

Question 11

Finite resources

Answer 11

A resource that does not renew itself quickly enough to meet the needs of future generations such as coil or oil.

Question 12

Non-finite resources

Answer 12

Resources that can replenish quickly enough to meet present and future needs such as water or plant life.

Question 13

Ecological footprint

Answer 13

The impact of a person or community on the environment; the amount of land needed to supply the natural resources they use.

Question 14

Social footprint

Answer 14

The impact of a company or organisation has on people and communities

Question 15

Landfill

Answer 15

Putting waste into the ground and burying it as a method of waste disposal. It causes pollution of the local environment, contamination of groundwater and soil, generates methane gas and smells rank.

Question 16

Resource recovery

Answer 16

A process that recovers certain disposed materials for specific uses.

Question 17

Energy recovery

Answer 17

Some disposed materials can be used to generate energy, this is called energy recovery.

Question 18

Incineration

Answer 18

A waste treatment process that involves the burning of waste materials.

Question 19

Technology push

Answer 19

Where new technology or materials are developed and designers take the opportunity presented by this to design new products.

Question 20

Market pull

Answer 20

Where users want a product to be improved or redeveloped to meet their needs.

Question 21

How does technology change jobs?

Answer 21

Designers now use CAD software instead of pencils and paper, office workers use computers rather than typewriters, bank clerks use computers and telephones rather than sitting at a desk etc.

Question 22

Culture

Answer 22

The values, beliefs, customs and behaviours used by groups and societies to interact with each other and the world.

Question 23

Fashion

Answer 23

Fashion can be a huge factor in designing as subcultures can become markets for design. Fashion can also push products further out and make them trend.

Question 24

How does society influence design?

Answer 24

Designers have the responsibility to design products that meet the needs of everyone in society. Different groups will have different needs that designers also need to take into account.

Question 25

How does the environment influence design?

Answer 25

The continuous improvement of efficiency and performance leads to a reduction in environmental impact, materials need to be considered as they may be made from finite resources or require a lot of energy to manufacture (most of this energy comes from fossil fuels, and limiting material waste also helps to reduce environmental impact.

Question 26

CAD

Answer 26

Computer Aided Design. Allows for designers to draw, design and model on-screen.

Question 27

CAM

Answer 27

Computer Aided Manufacturing. Allows CAD drawings to be made by a machine.

Question 28

FMS

Answer 28

Flexible Manufacturing System. A system in which production is organised into cells of machines performing different tasks.

Question 29

CNC

Answer 29

Computer Numerically Controlled. Machine tools that are controlled by a computer.

Question 30

JIT

Answer 30

Just In Time. A production method that means materials and components are ordered to arrive at the product assembly point just in time for production.

Question 31

Lean Manufacturing

Answer 31

Focusing on reduction of waste when manufacturing.

Question 32

Planned Obsolescence

Answer 32

Planning or designing a product to have a short lifespan. Apple is an example because their old products go out of fashion and they change their connections meaning people have to buy new chargers, leads and wired headphones.

Question 33

Maintenance

Answer 33

Performing functions on a product that will help to keep it functioning.

Question 34

Designing for Maintenance

Answer 34

Allowing for access into the product to replace or repair worn parts, using different modules so one module can be replaced or repaired instead of the entire product, or modules can be changed to upgrade the product.

Question 35

Ethics

Answer 35

Consumers like their products to be low-cost and good quality but that means paying workers less, using automation to cut workforces or manufacturing in countries with lower labour costs.

Question 36

End of Life Disposal

Answer 36

How products are disposed can have a significant impact on the environment. It is better to recycle so the product isn’t placed in landfill.

Question 37

Input components

Answer 37

PTM, LDR and Thermistors

Question 38

Process component

Answer 38

Microcontroller

Question 39

Output components

Answer 39

Buzzer, speaker and LEDs

Question 40

Microcontrollers

Answer 40

Can be programmed to add functionality to products such as timing and counting, they are a small computer with an integrated unit. They can be programmed in a variety of computer languages and have flash memory

Question 41

System diagram

Answer 41

A diagram that breaks down an operation into input, process and output

Question 42

LDRs

Answer 42

Found in nightlights and streetlamps, resistance changes the flow of electrical current as the light intensity alters

Question 43

Thermistors

Answer 43

Found in toaster and freezers, resistance increasing with temperature are called PTCs and the opposite is an NTC

Question 44

Switches and pressure sensors

Answer 44

Useful for stopping a machine if the guard is open, if an object has reached a specific distance or by turning things off and on via pressure

Question 45

Lamps and LEDs

Answer 45

Lamps work via thin tungsten filament which produces heat resulting in wasted energy so they are being replaced by LEDs

Question 46

Buzzers and speakers

Answer 46

Buzzers are typically used in alarm devices and timers, loudspeakers are devices that convert electrical signals into sound