Design Movements Flashcards
Who started the arts and crafts movement and when?
William Morris in 1890
How long did the arts and crafts movement last?
20 years, until 1910
What was the arts and crafts movement opposed to?
Poor working conditions of factory employees, opposed to inferior quality good he perceived they produced, opposed to the damage to the environment industrialisation caused
What were the arts and crafts views on machinery?
They were not completely opposed to machinery but didn’t like the disconnection between the individual and the result of their labour
What did the arts and crafts movement believe about products
They believed a product should be simple, functional, cherished, handcrafted, made from natural materials and influenced by organic forms/nature
Where and when was art nouveau started
It was started by the new middle class established in Europe and America.
What were art nouveau’s beliefs
They wanted to remove the hierarchy between fine arts and decorative arts, they were tired of academic art and they didn’t like the growing mass production
Why were art nouveau opposed to mass production
They thought it was dehumanising and were concerned it would bring uniformity and lack of creativity into art
Recognisable art nouveau aspects
Curves and natural forms (inspired by organic shapes), found in architecture/ illustrations/ interior design, lots of representation of the female body, used printing
Time period of art nouveau
Only lasted until the start of WWI as it was based on utopian ideals, it had a revival in the 1960s inspired by the psychedelic movement
Art Deco origins and reason for movement
It originated in France in the 1910s but occurred in the USA in the 1920s-30s. It aimed to rebuild the ruined world after WWI.
Art Deco aspects
Exquisite craftsmanship, very lavish materials, over the top luxury, very decorative, sunburst motifs, inspired by Aztec architecture (lots of sharp edges, straight lines and jumbled geometric patterns)
Art deco effect on transport
Fins on cars, curves, smooth surfaces and affordable materials.
Art Deco materials
Concrete, glass, polymers and chrome
Modernism origins and reason
Originated between the two world wars but only lasted 14 years due to the creation of BAUHAUS by Walter Gropius
What was BAUHAUS?
A school that was created in Germany of many disciplines which caused people to mix and influenced each other
Why did modernism end?
The Nazis shut down the movement, so designers and artists fled around the world which led to the globalisation of the movement
BAUHAUS quotes
‘Form follows function’ and ‘less is more’ they focused on minimalism, clean designs, simplicity and geometric purity
Characteristics of modernism
Lacks ornamentation, clean lines, reducing to essentials, geometry, use of primary colours in illustrations, products were neutral in colour, mainly raw materials cement glass steel and wood, easily mass produced
BAUHAUS designer, Marcel Breur- wassily chair
Made in 1926, inspired by bicycle handlebar, used bent steel tubes, produced again after WWII, fabricated using the techniques of local plumbers, remains in style even 90 yrs later
Postmodernism era
1960s to 1990s by a group of designers and architects who reacted against the principles of modernism
Postmodernism focus
Aesthetics rather than function, use of ornamental and decorative finishes, to appeal to fashion/ media/ pop culture, borrowed and played with styles from other periods
Memphis within postmodernism origins and designers
Originated in the 80s and classed as that look of the decade in Milan, Italy. Ettoire Sottsass and Phillippe Stark were two renowned designers
What was Phillippe Stark’s juicer called
The Juicy Salif- made in 1990
