Design Movements

Question 1

Who started the arts and crafts movement and when?

Answer 1

William Morris in 1890

Question 2

How long did the arts and crafts movement last?

Answer 2

20 years, until 1910

Question 3

What was the arts and crafts movement opposed to?

Answer 3

Poor working conditions of factory employees, opposed to inferior quality good he perceived they produced, opposed to the damage to the environment industrialisation caused

Question 4

What were the arts and crafts views on machinery?

Answer 4

They were not completely opposed to machinery but didn’t like the disconnection between the individual and the result of their labour

Question 5

What did the arts and crafts movement believe about products

Answer 5

They believed a product should be simple, functional, cherished, handcrafted, made from natural materials and influenced by organic forms/nature

Question 6

Where and when was art nouveau started

Answer 6

It was started by the new middle class established in Europe and America.

Question 7

What were art nouveau’s beliefs

Answer 7

They wanted to remove the hierarchy between fine arts and decorative arts, they were tired of academic art and they didn’t like the growing mass production

Question 8

Why were art nouveau opposed to mass production

Answer 8

They thought it was dehumanising and were concerned it would bring uniformity and lack of creativity into art

Question 9

Recognisable art nouveau aspects

Answer 9

Curves and natural forms (inspired by organic shapes), found in architecture/ illustrations/ interior design, lots of representation of the female body, used printing

Question 10

Time period of art nouveau

Answer 10

Only lasted until the start of WWI as it was based on utopian ideals, it had a revival in the 1960s inspired by the psychedelic movement

Question 11

Art Deco origins and reason for movement

Answer 11

It originated in France in the 1910s but occurred in the USA in the 1920s-30s. It aimed to rebuild the ruined world after WWI.

Question 12

Art Deco aspects

Answer 12

Exquisite craftsmanship, very lavish materials, over the top luxury, very decorative, sunburst motifs, inspired by Aztec architecture (lots of sharp edges, straight lines and jumbled geometric patterns)

Question 13

Art deco effect on transport

Answer 13

Fins on cars, curves, smooth surfaces and affordable materials.

Question 14

Art Deco materials

Answer 14

Concrete, glass, polymers and chrome

Question 15

Modernism origins and reason

Answer 15

Originated between the two world wars but only lasted 14 years due to the creation of BAUHAUS by Walter Gropius

Question 16

What was BAUHAUS?

Answer 16

A school that was created in Germany of many disciplines which caused people to mix and influenced each other

Question 17

Why did modernism end?

Answer 17

The Nazis shut down the movement, so designers and artists fled around the world which led to the globalisation of the movement

Question 18

BAUHAUS quotes

Answer 18

‘Form follows function’ and ‘less is more’ they focused on minimalism, clean designs, simplicity and geometric purity

Question 19

Characteristics of modernism

Answer 19

Lacks ornamentation, clean lines, reducing to essentials, geometry, use of primary colours in illustrations, products were neutral in colour, mainly raw materials cement glass steel and wood, easily mass produced

Question 20

BAUHAUS designer, Marcel Breur- wassily chair

Answer 20

Made in 1926, inspired by bicycle handlebar, used bent steel tubes, produced again after WWII, fabricated using the techniques of local plumbers, remains in style even 90 yrs later

Question 21

Postmodernism era

Answer 21

1960s to 1990s by a group of designers and architects who reacted against the principles of modernism

Question 22

Postmodernism focus

Answer 22

Aesthetics rather than function, use of ornamental and decorative finishes, to appeal to fashion/ media/ pop culture, borrowed and played with styles from other periods

Question 23

Memphis within postmodernism origins and designers

Answer 23

Originated in the 80s and classed as that look of the decade in Milan, Italy. Ettoire Sottsass and Phillippe Stark were two renowned designers

Question 24

What was Phillippe Stark’s juicer called

Answer 24

The Juicy Salif- made in 1990