New and emerging technologies 1.1 Flashcards
what is automation
the process of using automatic equipment such as robots in the workplace instead of humans
advantages of automation
- robots can work faster then humans
-robots can be work with harmful things which humans cant - robots work with higher accuracy and consistency
disadvantages of robots in automation
- robots may replace humans so there may be fewer jobs
- high initial costs/ expensive
- they cant carry out tasks that require human judgement
what is smart technology
technology that uses a chip to store information
how is smart technology used in the workplace
they use data to organise tasks without any human input
what is crowdfunding
- a process Involving advertising of a product online to gain popularity and public opinion.
- If people think the product will be viable, they then donate money to the product as an investment opportunity.
- these people are know as ‘backers’ and are often rewarded with gifts and discounts if it is successful
what is virtual marketing
the promotion of products online
what is algorithm
a sequence of logical instructions for carrying out a task
what are co-operatives
a type of business that is owned and ran by its own members
what is fair trade
a trading partnership that ensures workers in developing countries are given suitable working conditions and are paid a fair wage
what are finite resources
resources that are non renewable and are being used faster than they are being supplied meaning they will eventually run out
examples of finite resources
Metals, plastics and fossil fuels (coal, natural gas and oil)
advantages of finite resources
easily accessible, cheap
what is an ecological footprint
the impact of a person or community on the environment.
social footprint
the impact a company or organisation has on people and communities.
disadvantages of finite resources
- will eventually run out
- most have high environmental impacts
what are non finite resources
resources that are found naturally and can be replaced
examples of non finite resources
wood, cotton and renewable energy sources such as solar and wind
Advantages of non-finite resources
- replenish quickly
- becoming more effective as technology advances
Disadvantages
- technology isn’t quite up to standard to produce enough energy
- less reliable than finite resources
- produce less energy
disadvantages of landfill sites
- They release harmful gases that pollute the surrounding air and soil
- contamination of ground water sources
- noise pollution
- smell (can effect the economy of areas)
- effecting local ecosystems and wildlife
what is continuous improvement
the process of making small changes to improve the way a company works
advantages of continuous improvement
- improve speed and quality and save resources
- it encourages people to work together and give regular feedback
what is efficient working
when companies work in an efficient manner
disadvantages of continuous improvement
- it can encourage consumers to replace existing products, leading to old one being disposed of
- new products being made, transported etc can lead to increased usage of finite resources
how can a company work more efficiently
- by increasing speed of production
- reducing errors and waste, can be done by using automation and CAD
- implementing quality control
what is quality control
a set of checks intended to ensure that a product will meet customers requirements after being manufactured
what is global warming
the rise in average temperature of the Earth’s surface
how can we stop products from causing pollution
dispose of them correctly
recycle them
how do more energy efficient products help stop global warming
It reduces GHG emissions, both direct emissions from fossil fuel combustion or consumption, and indirect emissions reductions from electricity generation
what is technology push
using new technology to make an existing product more desirable
how does technology push affect consumer choice
because people will be more likely to buy the newer and more developed products
examples of products developed due to technology push
smartphones
what is market pull
making a product which will satisfy the wants and needs of customers
examples of market pull in products
cameras becoming smaller and more lightweight as a result of customer needs
why might technological advancements cause a change in job opportunities
the rapid changes in technology including automation, have meant there’s now a decline in the need for traditional skills
how can developments in technology open up new job opportunities
workers are needed to design computers, write programs for them to run and design computer games, maintain websites
what factors should designers include when designing a product
- cultural beliefs
- fashion trends
- latest technology
- accessibility
- environmental impacts
how can a product be designed so it fits a specific need of a user
DISABLED USER- product should be easy to use, bigger and utilise more colourful parts
RELIGEOUS AND CULTURAL BELEIFS - research meanings behind colours , shapes and graphics
- adjustable in size
advantages of CAD
- Ideas can be drawn and developed quickly
- Designs can be viewed from all angles and with a range of materials
- Some testing and consumer feedback can be done before costly production takes place
- can be sent to other designers around the world quickly
disadvantages of CAD
Difficult to keep up with constantly changing and improving technology
Needs a skilled workforce
Expensive to set up
What is CAM and what is it used for
Computer aided manufacture
used to manufacture a part or product using CAD or using computer controlled machinery like a 3D printer
advantages of CAM
Fast and accurate production
machines can run constantly on repetitive tasks
disadvantages of CAM
expensive to set up
needs a skilled workforce
what is FMS (Flexible manufacturing systems)
a type of manufacture which has a series of different machines producing different parts for a product
advantages of fms
- they are easy to adapt
- quick and straightforward process
- machines in the process can be reprogrammed without stopping other areas of the process
what is just in time production
a type of production where materials or parts are delivered right when they’re needed
advantages of JIT
- saves money on storage of materials
- reduces waste
- ensures there is no money wasted producing stock that will remain unsold
disadvantages of JIT
the system relies on the components being delivered on time and being fault free, if these two things don’t happen, money can be lost and the person may have to wait longer for replacements
what is lean manufacturing
a type of production based on minimising costs and maximising efficiency by cutting down on waste and the amount of materials and energy used in production
how can lean manufacture be done
This is done by adapting designs and making changes to the production process.
what is planned obsolescence
when a product is designed to become useless quickly
examples of planned obsolescence products
- disposable razors
- mobile phones
cons of planned obsolescence
it creates more waste as more products are being disposed of
what is design for maintenance
ensuring a product lasts long through parts that can be repaired or replaced easily
what is design disassembly
ensuring a product can be taken apart and its separate parts can be used for responsible disposal such as recycling and reusing
what is environmental design
designing products by ensuring minimal impact on the environment
how might a designer consider environmental design
making products from renewable materials - paper straws instead of plastic
- transporting materials in a more efficient way to cut down on emissions of greenhouse gases
- cutting down the use of finite resources
