developments in new materials 1.3 Flashcards
what is a modern material
a material that has been engineered to have improved properties
examples of modern materials
Concrete, aluminium and steel, graphene, titanium, metal foams
properties of graphene
single carbon layer material
very strong, 100x stronger than steel
light
good conductor of heat and electricity
used in tennis rackets
properties of titanium
- corrosion resistant
- high strength to weight ratio
- difficult and therefore expensive to machine
- used for bone replacements, bikes, ships, armour
properties of metal foams
metal foam is a metal that contains many gas filled spaces which make it LIGHTWEIGHT
stiff
tough
strong under compression
used in lightweight car parts(as they can absorb shock) and bone implants
what are LCDs? and what are their properties?
Liquid crystal display
used in flat screen displays
thin
lightweight
energy efficient
originally used in calculators
high definition displays
properties of nanomaterials
made out of nanoparticles
how do LCDs work in a display
the liquid crystals used in the display are made of a mixture of chemicals
when an electrical current is passed through, the crystal shape is modified
this changes the image seen on the screen
examples of titanium uses
Drill bits
bicycles
golf clubs
watches and laptop computers
medical implants
jewellery
manufacturing aircraft and spacecraft
examples of graphene
can be used in solar panels and batteries
examples of metal foam uses
vehicles (absorb high impacts effectively)
uses for LCD’s
watches
clocks
microwaves
flat screen televisions
computer monitors
satellite navigation systems
uses of nanomaterials
creams, deodorants and sun creams
computer chips
sports equipment
clothing (antibacterial properties reduce sweat absorption)
uses of thermochromic pigments
babies feeding spoons, so parents know the food isn’t too hot
baby toys for in the bath
uses of coated metals
Structures.
Automotive components.
Fasteners
properties of coated metals
iron and steel can be galvanised to prevent rusting, they can also be electroplated
what is a smart material
materials that change their properties in response to a stimuli
what are thermochromic pigments
used in colour changing products, they react to temperature
- when temperature increases, the product changes colour, the colour changes back when the object returns to its original temperature
what are shape memory alloys
metal alloys that can remember their shape when heated
examples of shape memory alloys
fire alarms
electrical door locks
glasses frames
what are photochromic pigments
things that change colour in response to light
examples of photochromic pigments
lenses in sunglasses that change depending on the level of light
photochromic inks on clothing
properties of Teflon
both water and oil do not stick to the Teflon coated articles.
it has a high melting point i.e. 327 ∘ C which means there is no effect of high temperatures on it.
it is easier to clean Teflon coated articles.
uses of Teflon
kitchen utensils(non stick pans)
properties of GRP (Glass reinforced plastic)
Glass fibres coated in thermosetting plastic resin
strong
tough
heat resistant
easy to mould into complex shapes
uses of corn starch polymers
air bags
packaging
properties of corn starch polymers
Food safe and resistant to food fats and oils.
Good for print applications.
Low flammability.
Resistant to UV rays from the sun.
biodegradable
Recyclable
examples of composite materials
Glass reinforced plastic (GRP)
Carbon-fibre reinforced plastic (CRP)
what are composite materials
a combination of two or more materials to improve properties
uses of GRP
Boats
-Kayaks
PCBs
Surfboards
properties of CRP (carbon-fibre reinforced plastics)
Carbon fibres coated in thermosetting plastic resin
lighter, tougher, stronger than GRP
more expensive
CRP uses
protective helmets
bulletproof vests
racing cars
sports equipment
-laptops
what are technical textiles
enhanced fabrics, designed to be functional
properties of Kevlar
High Tensile Strength.
Lightweight.
Heat Resistance.
Chemical Resistance
Low Conductivity
Kevlar uses
bulletproof vests
motorcyclist clothing
used to reinforce tyres
properties of Nomex
fire resistant
cant be washed or worn away
used in firefighters and racing drivers clothing
uses of nomex
protective clothing (fire service & military)
racing suits
aerospace applications
properties of micro encapsulation fabrics
insect repellent
odour neutraliser
chemical coated in shells then embedded in fabric
uses of micro encapsulation fabrics
antibacterial socks
properties of conductive fabrics
fibres that can conduct electricity
uses of conductive fabrics
used to integrate electronics into clothing and in touchscreen gloves
