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Question 1

Pulmonary gas analysis

Answer 1

Perfusion-limited: at rest
Diffusion-limited: emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, exercise
Poor ventilation: PE

Question 2

Function of Ivabradine

Answer 2

Negative chronotropy
No effect on inotropy (contractility)
No effect on lusitropy (relaxation)

Inhibits funny Na channels in phase 4

Question 3

Changes in Chronic arteriovenous shunt

Answer 3

Higher CO bcz activation of sympathetic stimulation of ❤️
Lower total peripheral resistance
Higher venous return + right shift of its curve bcz higher circulating blood volume

Question 4

Nitroprusside

Answer 4

Arterial and venous vasodilator
Decreases preload
Decreases afterload
No effect on stroke volume

Question 5

Isolated systolic hypertension

Answer 5

SBP >140 and DBP <90
>60 years old
Age-related stiffness and decreased compliance of Ao and major periph arteries

Question 6

3 CI of Nitrates

Answer 6

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
RV infarction
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

Question 7

Systolic interval and diastolic interval determined by

Answer 7

SI: contractility
DI: HR