Neutrons, Protons, Electrons Flashcards
What is a proton?
Stable subatomic particle occurring in the nuclei of an atom.
-Adding a proton will cause +1 mass and + 1 electric charge
What is a neutron?
A subatomic particle that does not contain an electric charge.
-adds +1 mass to the element
What is an electron?
- a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity.
- Outside of nucleus
- Adds -1 net charge and NO mass
what is the rule for electrons when building an element?
When there are more protons than electrons, it is equal to a positive ion.
- When protons and electrons are equal, it is a neutral atom
- When there are more electrons than protons, then it is a -ion
How do you make an element stable?
By adding about the same amount of neutrons to the protons.
How is an element unstable?
when there is an unstable amout of protons to neutrons
True or false: electrons determine wheather an element is stable or unstable
False, they have no impact
What is the element of 1 proton?
Hydrogen
What is the element of 2 proton?
Helium
What is the element of 3 proton?
Lithium
What is the element of 4 proton?
Beryllium
What is an atom?
Basic unit of a chemical element ; Made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons
What is the relationship between an atom and an element?
An element is a basic substance that other things are composed from. Each individual element is made up of tiny, invisible particles called atoms
What parts go in the center of the atom?
Protons and Neutrons go in the center of the Atom
Protons change the _____.
Element
How do you find the mass number/what is it?
of protons + # of neutrons
What is the symbol to write the element with its components?
- Top left number is the mass number (pt+nt)
- Number below and to the right of it is the atomic number, which is just the number of protons
- The large number is the element symbol
- Exponent number is the
How do you find the number of protons electrons and neutrons based on the symbol?
-Protons: Bottom number is atomic number which is = to proton number
-Electron: Number of electrons must be equal to # of protons or atomic number
Neutron: Equal to subtract mass number by atomic number.
REMEMBER: The top left number of an element tile is the _____
atomic number (# of protons)
What is a neutral atom?
When the number of electrons equals the number of protons. All atoms are neutral unless otherwise stated.
What is the net charge
When the charge is unequal. This occurs in an atom when the number of protons doesn’t equal the number electrons.
What is an ion?
When the number of electrons change in the atom. + ion occurs when you have less electrons compared to protons in an atom. - ion occurs when you have more electrons compared to protons in an atom
What is the nucleus?
The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons
What is an isotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons (atomic number), but different mass (numbers of neutrons)
What is the atomic mass?
The weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element (this is not a whole number and is given on the bottom of the periodic table).
What is the Atomic Mass Unit
The units used to describe the mass of subatomic particles.
What are Valence Electrons
The number of electrons in the outermost ring of the bohr model of the atom (related to the column the atom is in).
What is the electronic sequence?
- shorthand notation of the number of electrons in each orbit in the bohr model of the atom. (Na was an electronic sequence of 2-8-1)
What is the ground state?
The normal electronic sequence for an atom. It shows the lowest energy state of an atom.
What is the Excited State?
When an electron is promoted to a higher energy state and therefore has a different electronic sequence. For example F in the excited state can have an electronic sequence of 2-6-1. Notice it still has 7 electrons but with one electron in the 3rd orbit where it usually does not exist.
Who is Democritus?
Was a Greek philosopher who in 400 B.C.E. suggest the idea of atoms.
Although he did not have a specific experiment, he did say that he believes that the smallest particle cannot be divided, which is known as the atom today. “Solid sphere” model
Who is Dalton and what model did he create?
Used the scientific method and other people’s experiments to gain evidence for his atomic model. “Billiard Ball” model
Components of his theory:
-Matter is composed of very tiny or microscopic particles called “Atom” that are indivisible particle. That is atoms can neither be created nor it is destroyed.
-Atoms of an element are identical in size, shape, mass and in other properties.
Who is Thompson and what did he do?
Used the cathode ray tube to discover the first subatomic particle (electrons). His atomic model was called the “plum pudding” model. The atom has a positive shell with negatively charged particles (electrons) randomly place throughout.
Who is Rutherford and what did he do?
Used the Gold Foil Experiment. He discovered the nucleus. He said the atom:
- Is made up oid mostly empty space
- Has a positive dense center called the nucleus
- Has electrons that are randomly placed outside the nucleus
Who is Bohr and what did he do?
Used Spectroscopy (properties of light) to explain his planetary model of the atom. He said:
- Electrons travel around the nucleus in specific orbits (rings).
- If an electrons absorb energy it will be promoted to a higher orbit.
Where is the atomic mass located on the periodic table?
on the very bottom
Give an example of how you communicate to show tat you have an isotope:
Use the atomic symbol of the isotope followed by the new mass number: ex: Li-7
What is the top left, bottom left, and top right number of chemical notation?
Top left = Mass Number
Bottom Left = Atomic number
Top right = charge (neg. Pos. or neut.
