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Chemistry > Neutrons, Protons, Electrons > Flashcards

Neutrons, Protons, Electrons Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a proton?

A

Stable subatomic particle occurring in the nuclei of an atom.
-Adding a proton will cause +1 mass and + 1 electric charge

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2
Q

What is a neutron?

A

A subatomic particle that does not contain an electric charge.
-adds +1 mass to the element

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3
Q

What is an electron?

A
  • a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity.
  • Outside of nucleus
  • Adds -1 net charge and NO mass
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4
Q

what is the rule for electrons when building an element?

A

When there are more protons than electrons, it is equal to a positive ion.

  • When protons and electrons are equal, it is a neutral atom
  • When there are more electrons than protons, then it is a -ion
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5
Q

How do you make an element stable?

A

By adding about the same amount of neutrons to the protons.

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6
Q

How is an element unstable?

A

when there is an unstable amout of protons to neutrons

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7
Q

True or false: electrons determine wheather an element is stable or unstable

A

False, they have no impact

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8
Q

What is the element of 1 proton?

A

Hydrogen

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9
Q

What is the element of 2 proton?

A

Helium

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10
Q

What is the element of 3 proton?

A

Lithium

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11
Q

What is the element of 4 proton?

A

Beryllium

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12
Q

What is an atom?

A

Basic unit of a chemical element ; Made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons

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13
Q

What is the relationship between an atom and an element?

A

An element is a basic substance that other things are composed from. Each individual element is made up of tiny, invisible particles called atoms

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14
Q

What parts go in the center of the atom?

A

Protons and Neutrons go in the center of the Atom

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15
Q

Protons change the _____.

A

Element

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16
Q

How do you find the mass number/what is it?

A

of protons + # of neutrons

17
Q

What is the symbol to write the element with its components?

A
  • Top left number is the mass number (pt+nt)
  • Number below and to the right of it is the atomic number, which is just the number of protons
  • The large number is the element symbol
  • Exponent number is the
18
Q

How do you find the number of protons electrons and neutrons based on the symbol?

A

-Protons: Bottom number is atomic number which is = to proton number
-Electron: Number of electrons must be equal to # of protons or atomic number
Neutron: Equal to subtract mass number by atomic number.

19
Q

REMEMBER: The top left number of an element tile is the _____

A

atomic number (# of protons)

20
Q

What is a neutral atom?

A

When the number of electrons equals the number of protons. All atoms are neutral unless otherwise stated.

21
Q

What is the net charge

A

When the charge is unequal. This occurs in an atom when the number of protons doesn’t equal the number electrons.

22
Q

What is an ion?

A

When the number of electrons change in the atom. + ion occurs when you have less electrons compared to protons in an atom. - ion occurs when you have more electrons compared to protons in an atom

23
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons

24
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms with the same number of protons (atomic number), but different mass (numbers of neutrons)

25
Q

What is the atomic mass?

A

The weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element (this is not a whole number and is given on the bottom of the periodic table).

26
Q

What is the Atomic Mass Unit

A

The units used to describe the mass of subatomic particles.

27
Q

What are Valence Electrons

A

The number of electrons in the outermost ring of the bohr model of the atom (related to the column the atom is in).

28
Q

What is the electronic sequence?

A
  • shorthand notation of the number of electrons in each orbit in the bohr model of the atom. (Na was an electronic sequence of 2-8-1)
29
Q

What is the ground state?

A

The normal electronic sequence for an atom. It shows the lowest energy state of an atom.

30
Q

What is the Excited State?

A

When an electron is promoted to a higher energy state and therefore has a different electronic sequence. For example F in the excited state can have an electronic sequence of 2-6-1. Notice it still has 7 electrons but with one electron in the 3rd orbit where it usually does not exist.

31
Q

Who is Democritus?

A

Was a Greek philosopher who in 400 B.C.E. suggest the idea of atoms.
Although he did not have a specific experiment, he did say that he believes that the smallest particle cannot be divided, which is known as the atom today. “Solid sphere” model

32
Q

Who is Dalton and what model did he create?

A

Used the scientific method and other people’s experiments to gain evidence for his atomic model. “Billiard Ball” model
Components of his theory:
-Matter is composed of very tiny or microscopic particles called “Atom” that are indivisible particle. That is atoms can neither be created nor it is destroyed.
-Atoms of an element are identical in size, shape, mass and in other properties.

33
Q

Who is Thompson and what did he do?

A

Used the cathode ray tube to discover the first subatomic particle (electrons). His atomic model was called the “plum pudding” model. The atom has a positive shell with negatively charged particles (electrons) randomly place throughout.

34
Q

Who is Rutherford and what did he do?

A

Used the Gold Foil Experiment. He discovered the nucleus. He said the atom:

  • Is made up oid mostly empty space
  • Has a positive dense center called the nucleus
  • Has electrons that are randomly placed outside the nucleus
35
Q

Who is Bohr and what did he do?

A

Used Spectroscopy (properties of light) to explain his planetary model of the atom. He said:

  • Electrons travel around the nucleus in specific orbits (rings).
  • If an electrons absorb energy it will be promoted to a higher orbit.
36
Q

Where is the atomic mass located on the periodic table?

A

on the very bottom

37
Q

Give an example of how you communicate to show tat you have an isotope:

A

Use the atomic symbol of the isotope followed by the new mass number: ex: Li-7

38
Q

What is the top left, bottom left, and top right number of chemical notation?

A

Top left = Mass Number
Bottom Left = Atomic number
Top right = charge (neg. Pos. or neut.

Chemistry (9 decks)

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