Chapter 1 Summative Flashcards
List the different branches that Chemistry is broken down into:
Organic, Inorganic, Physical, Analytical, Biochemistry, Environmental, Industrial, Polymer, Theoretical, and Thermo
What is organic Chemistry?
Study of organic compounds and materials containing CARBON atoms
What is inorganic Chemistry?
Behavior of inorganic compounds. Deals with all NON-CARBON Coumpounds.
What is physical chemistry?
the branch of chemistry concerned with the application of the techniques and theories of physics to the study of chemical systems. (behavior)
What is analytical chemistry?
studies and uses instruments and methods used to separate, identify, and quantify matter. (analyzing)
What is biochemistry?
the branch of science concerned with the chemical processes that occur within living organisms. (LIFE)
What is enivronmental chemistry?
scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places. (Environment)
What is industrial chemistry?
branch of chemistry which applies physical and chemical processes towards the transformation of raw materials into products that are of benefit to humanity. (industry)
What is polymer chemistry?
chemistry subdiscipline that deals with the structures, chemical synthesis and properties of polymers, (polymer)
What is theoretical chemistry?
examination of the structural and dynamic properties of molecules and molecular materials using the tools of quantum chemistry, (thoughts+ideas)
What is thermochemistry?
relating to heat
What are CFC’s? (chloroflurocarbon’s)
typically gases used in refrigerants and aerosol propellants.They are harmful to the ozone layer in the earth’s atmosphere . When CFCs comes in contact with UV light, chlorine breaks away from the molecule.(3o2 comes into contact with UV is 2o3)
Why is the study of CFC’s important?
Because if we don’t monitor the use of CFC’s, then this could lead to the depletion of the ozone layer, which could eventually cause skin cancer in humans due to the UV light breaking through
What is a conclusion in terms of the scientific method?
A conclusion summarizes how your results either support or refute your hypothesis. A conclusion is made after the experiment is done and the data is gathered.
What is the control group in terms of the scientific method?
group/things in an experiment or study that does not receive treatment by the researchers and is then used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do.
What is data in scientific method?
information collected using specific methods for a specific purpose of studying or analyzing. Data collected in a lab experiment done under controlled conditions is an example of scientific data.
What is qualitative data?
Information about things that can’t be measured Some examples of this type of data is the softness of your skin, and the color of your eyes
What is quantitative data?
data about numeric variables such as how much or how often something occurs.
What is an experiment?
A scientific procedure meant to test the hypothesis
What is a hypothesis?
A proposed explanation made on limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation
What is mass?
A measurement that reflects the amount of matter
How is mass different from weight?
Mass is a measurement of the amount of matter something contains, while Weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on an object.
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space. (physical substance)
How are matter and mass different and similar?
Matter is anything that takes up space, can be perceived by your senses in some way, and has mass.Mass is the amount of matter that forms a body that has some sort of shape and size.
What is an observation?
The data you record/observe during a science experiment.
What is a direct observation?
refers to sampling behaviors as they naturally occur; Taking data down in an experiment as they happen
What is an indirect observation?
Researcher may rely on the observations of others to make their own observations
What is ozone?
a colorless unstable toxic gas with a pungent odor and powerful oxidizing properties, formed from oxygen by electrical discharges or ultraviolet light.
What is the formula for ozone?
O3
What is the function of the ozone layer?
to absorb the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation, hence protecting the Earth from its harmful effects.
What is the significance of research in science?
Research in science is critical for economic growth, social development, and enviornmental protection
What is the difference between pure research and applied research?
Applied research is carried out in order to solve specific and practical questions/problems. Pure Research is scientific research aimed to improve scientific theories for better understanding of phenomena. Often fueled by curiosity instead of a specific question or problem
What is the scientific method?
a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer questions.
What is a scientific model?
a representation of an idea, an object or even a process or a system that is used to describe and explain phenomena that cannot be experienced directly. Example: A model to show the process of water flow on Earth
What is a substance and give an example?
a particular kind of matter with uniform properties. Example: Iron, methane
What is a theory?
a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.
Can a theory be proven?
If enough evidence is available to support a hypothesis, it becomes a theory. A theory can then be tested via expriments, and then it can possibly become a law.
What is a variable?
any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types. An experiment usually has three kinds of variables: independent, dependent, and controlled.
What is the difference between independent varialbles and dependent variables?
The value of independent variables can not be changed, but the value of dependent variables can. Independent variable value is manipulated in an experiment.
