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DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY > NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS AND CELL DEATH COPY > Flashcards

NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS AND CELL DEATH COPY Flashcards

1
Q

IN THE EMBRYO THE ……………… OF A TARGET CORRELATES WITH THE …………….. OF INNERVATION

A

SIZE

AMOUNT

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2
Q

VIKTOR HAMBURGER PERFORMED AN EXPERIMENT ON A GRASSHOPPER EMRBYO LIMB BUD
WHAT DID REMOVAL OF A LIMB BUD SEE
WHAT DID ADDITION OF A LIMB BUD SEE

A 
REMOVAL = LESS NEURONS
ADDITION = MORE NEURONS -THERE ARE NOT MORE CELLS BUT LESS CELL DEATH
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3
Q

WHAT DOES THE VIKTOR HAMBURGER EXPERIMENT ON A GRASSHOPPER EMRBYO LIMB BUD SHOW

A

SUGGESTS THE TARGET IS PROVIDING A TROPHIC SUPPORT TO CELLS - THESE EFFECTS ARE DUE TO CHANGES IN CELL DEATH

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4
Q

WHAT IS THE NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR HYPOTHESIS

A
  1. NEURONS ARE PRODUCED IN EXCESS OF NEED AND ELIMINATED OVER TIME
  2. NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS EMANATE FROM TARGETS TO PROMOTE SURVIVAL ACCORDING TO TISSUE SIZE
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5
Q

CELL DEATH IS A LARGE PART OF DEVELOPMENT FIRST SHOWN IN WHAT MODEL ORGANSIMS

A

C ELEGANS

CED GENES

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6
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO CLASSES OF GENES INVOLVED IN CELL DEATH

A

ANTI APOPTOTIC GENES

PRO APOPTOTIC GENES

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7
Q

WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A PRO APOPTOTIC GENE

A

CASPASE 9

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8
Q

WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN ANTI APOPTOTIC GENE

A

BCL2

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9
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO CLASSES OF CASPASE

A

INITIATOR CASPASE

EXECITIONER CASPASE

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10
Q

WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN INITIATOR CASPASE

A

CASPASE 9

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11
Q

WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN EXECUTIONER CASPASE

A

CASPASE 1

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12
Q

WHAT IS NERVE GROWTH FACTOR

A

A FACTOR INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF GROWTH, MAINTENANCE AND SURVIVAL OF CERTAIN TARGET NEURONS

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13
Q

IN A CAMPENOT CHAMBER WHAT HAPPENS TO THE CELLS WITH NGF IN THE INNER AND OUTER CHAMBER

A

THEY SURVIVE

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14
Q

IN A CAMPENOT CHAMBER WHAT HAPPENS TO THE CELLS WITH NO NGF IN THE INNER AND OUTER CHAMBER

A

THE CELLS RETRACT

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15
Q

WHAT CAN WE CONCLUDE ABOUT NGF

A

IT IS TROPHIC AND TROPIC

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16
Q

WHAT IS TROPHIC

A

REFERS TO GROWTH

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17
Q

WHAT IS TROPIC

A

REFERS TO GUIDANCE

18
Q

NGF BELONGS TO WHAT FAMILY

A

NEUROTROPHINS

19
Q

WHAT OTHER NEUROTROPHINS ARE THERE

A

BDNF
NT3
NT4/5

20
Q

WHEN NGF BINDS TO A …………… CONE, IT IS …………………….. AND TRANSPORTED BACK TO THE ………….. BODY. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF …………………….. TRANSPORT.

A

GROWTH
INTERNALISED
RETROGRADE

21
Q

DORSAL ROOT ……………………… CELL BODIES TAKE UP NGF AND ITS RECEPTOR ………………… EVEN WHEN NGF IS ADMINISTERED ONLY INTO THE ………………

A

GANGLION
TRK A
AXON

22
Q

WHAT IS TRK A

A

TROPOMYSON RECEPTOR KINASE A IS THE RECEPTOR FOR NGF

23
Q

WHAT DOES TRK A ACTIVATE

A 
LIGAND INDUCED DIMERIZATION
AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION
FORMS SIGNALLING ENDOSOME THAT TRANSPORTS TO OTHER REGIONS ACTIVATING
MAP KINASE PATHWAY - TRANSCRIPTION
AKT PATHWAY - INHIBITION OF APOPTOSIS
24
Q

WHAT KIND OF AFFINITY IS A TRK A RECEPTOR

A

HIGH AFFINITY

25
Q

WHAT IS THE P75- NTR

A

LOW AFFINITY RECEPTOR THAT CAN PROMOTE CELL DEATH OR CELL SURVIVAL

26
Q

WHAT BIND TO P75 NTR TO PROMOTE CELL DEATH

A

PRO FORM OF NEUROTROPHIN

27
Q

WHAT BINDS TO P75 NTR TO PROMOTES CELL SURVIVAL

A

NEUROTROPHINS IN MATURE FORM

28
Q

THE NEUROTROPHINS BIND TO DIFFERENT ……………….. AND ARE REQUIRED FOR SURVIVAL OF DIFFERENT …………………….

A

RECEPTORS

NEURONS

29
Q

WHAT RECEPTOR DOES NT3 BIND TO

A

TRK C

30
Q

WHAT RECEPTOR DOES BDNF BIND TO

A

TRK B

31
Q

WHAT RECEPTOR DOES PRO-NGF AND PRO-BDNF BIND TO

A

P75 NTR

32
Q

WHAT NEUROTOPHIN LIGANDS CAN BIND TO P75 NTR

A

ALL OF THEM

33
Q

THERE IS A DIFFERENTIAL DEPENDENCE BETWEEN NEURON ………………. AND NEUROTROPHINS AS WELL AS ……………………. DEPENDENCY PROFILES; NEURONS CAN BE DEPENDENT ON …………………………….. OF NEUROTROPHINS.

A

TYPES
SPECIFIC
COMBINATIONS

34
Q

WHAT DEPENDENCY DO NEWLY BORN NEURONS HAVE ON NEUROTROPHINS AND HOW DOES THAT CHANGE

A

INITIALLY NO DEPENDENCY
NT3 SUPPORTS MANY NEURONAL TYPES IN EARLY DEVELOPMENT
ARRIVAL OF TARGET OFTEN COINCIDES WITH NEW EXPRESSION OF NEURTROPHIC FACTORS BY TARGET

35
Q

OTHER FACTORS CAN BE NEUROTROPHIC AND CAN ACTIVATE THE SAME PATHWAYS
WHAT OTHER NT FACTORS ARE THERE

A 
GLIA DERIVED NT FACTORS
CYTOKINE DERIVED
              CILIARY
              HEPATOCYTE
              MACROPHAGE STIMULATING
36
Q

CELL DEATH HELPS WITH WHAT DURING DEVELOPMENT

A

REMOVAL OF TRANSIENT STRUCTURES SUCH AS SCAFFOLDS
HELPS EXUBERANT GROWTH BY PRUNING WHAT IS NOT NEEDED
HELPS DIFFERENTIATION

37
Q

WHAT DOES PRUNING INVOLVE

A

SPECIFIC CYTOSKELETAL DESTRUCTION, BLEBBING AND FRAGMENTATION

38
Q

IN AXONS DEPRIVED OF NGF, WHAT PROTEIN BINDS TO DEATH RECEPTOR 6.

A

AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN

39
Q

WHAT DOES AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN BINDING WITH DEATH RECEPTOR 6 INITIATE

A

CASPASE 6

40
Q

IN WHAT CONDITION DO WE COMMONLY SEE AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN

A

ALZHEIMERS

41
Q

DR6 HAS AN INTRACELLULAR DEATH DOMAIN WHICH CAN DIRECTLY START …………………… MEDIATED CELL DEATH. P75 NTR ALSO HAS A DEATH DOMAIN BUT IT INITIATES CELL DEATH IN THE ………………… OF A LIGAND.

A

CASPASE

ABSENCE

DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY (15 decks)

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