NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS AND CELL DEATH COPY Flashcards
IN THE EMBRYO THE ……………… OF A TARGET CORRELATES WITH THE …………….. OF INNERVATION
SIZE
AMOUNT
VIKTOR HAMBURGER PERFORMED AN EXPERIMENT ON A GRASSHOPPER EMRBYO LIMB BUD
WHAT DID REMOVAL OF A LIMB BUD SEE
WHAT DID ADDITION OF A LIMB BUD SEE
REMOVAL = LESS NEURONS ADDITION = MORE NEURONS -THERE ARE NOT MORE CELLS BUT LESS CELL DEATH
WHAT DOES THE VIKTOR HAMBURGER EXPERIMENT ON A GRASSHOPPER EMRBYO LIMB BUD SHOW
SUGGESTS THE TARGET IS PROVIDING A TROPHIC SUPPORT TO CELLS - THESE EFFECTS ARE DUE TO CHANGES IN CELL DEATH
WHAT IS THE NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR HYPOTHESIS
- NEURONS ARE PRODUCED IN EXCESS OF NEED AND ELIMINATED OVER TIME
- NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS EMANATE FROM TARGETS TO PROMOTE SURVIVAL ACCORDING TO TISSUE SIZE
CELL DEATH IS A LARGE PART OF DEVELOPMENT FIRST SHOWN IN WHAT MODEL ORGANSIMS
C ELEGANS
CED GENES
WHAT ARE THE TWO CLASSES OF GENES INVOLVED IN CELL DEATH
ANTI APOPTOTIC GENES
PRO APOPTOTIC GENES
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A PRO APOPTOTIC GENE
CASPASE 9
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN ANTI APOPTOTIC GENE
BCL2
WHAT ARE THE TWO CLASSES OF CASPASE
INITIATOR CASPASE
EXECITIONER CASPASE
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN INITIATOR CASPASE
CASPASE 9
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN EXECUTIONER CASPASE
CASPASE 1
WHAT IS NERVE GROWTH FACTOR
A FACTOR INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF GROWTH, MAINTENANCE AND SURVIVAL OF CERTAIN TARGET NEURONS
IN A CAMPENOT CHAMBER WHAT HAPPENS TO THE CELLS WITH NGF IN THE INNER AND OUTER CHAMBER
THEY SURVIVE
IN A CAMPENOT CHAMBER WHAT HAPPENS TO THE CELLS WITH NO NGF IN THE INNER AND OUTER CHAMBER
THE CELLS RETRACT
WHAT CAN WE CONCLUDE ABOUT NGF
IT IS TROPHIC AND TROPIC
WHAT IS TROPHIC
REFERS TO GROWTH
WHAT IS TROPIC
REFERS TO GUIDANCE
NGF BELONGS TO WHAT FAMILY
NEUROTROPHINS
WHAT OTHER NEUROTROPHINS ARE THERE
BDNF
NT3
NT4/5
WHEN NGF BINDS TO A …………… CONE, IT IS …………………….. AND TRANSPORTED BACK TO THE ………….. BODY. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF …………………….. TRANSPORT.
GROWTH
INTERNALISED
RETROGRADE
DORSAL ROOT ……………………… CELL BODIES TAKE UP NGF AND ITS RECEPTOR ………………… EVEN WHEN NGF IS ADMINISTERED ONLY INTO THE ………………
GANGLION
TRK A
AXON
WHAT IS TRK A
TROPOMYSON RECEPTOR KINASE A IS THE RECEPTOR FOR NGF
WHAT DOES TRK A ACTIVATE
LIGAND INDUCED DIMERIZATION AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION FORMS SIGNALLING ENDOSOME THAT TRANSPORTS TO OTHER REGIONS ACTIVATING MAP KINASE PATHWAY - TRANSCRIPTION AKT PATHWAY - INHIBITION OF APOPTOSIS
WHAT KIND OF AFFINITY IS A TRK A RECEPTOR
HIGH AFFINITY
WHAT IS THE P75- NTR
LOW AFFINITY RECEPTOR THAT CAN PROMOTE CELL DEATH OR CELL SURVIVAL
WHAT BIND TO P75 NTR TO PROMOTE CELL DEATH
PRO FORM OF NEUROTROPHIN
WHAT BINDS TO P75 NTR TO PROMOTES CELL SURVIVAL
NEUROTROPHINS IN MATURE FORM
THE NEUROTROPHINS BIND TO DIFFERENT ……………….. AND ARE REQUIRED FOR SURVIVAL OF DIFFERENT …………………….
RECEPTORS
NEURONS
WHAT RECEPTOR DOES NT3 BIND TO
TRK C
WHAT RECEPTOR DOES BDNF BIND TO
TRK B
WHAT RECEPTOR DOES PRO-NGF AND PRO-BDNF BIND TO
P75 NTR
WHAT NEUROTOPHIN LIGANDS CAN BIND TO P75 NTR
ALL OF THEM
THERE IS A DIFFERENTIAL DEPENDENCE BETWEEN NEURON ………………. AND NEUROTROPHINS AS WELL AS ……………………. DEPENDENCY PROFILES; NEURONS CAN BE DEPENDENT ON …………………………….. OF NEUROTROPHINS.
TYPES
SPECIFIC
COMBINATIONS
WHAT DEPENDENCY DO NEWLY BORN NEURONS HAVE ON NEUROTROPHINS AND HOW DOES THAT CHANGE
INITIALLY NO DEPENDENCY
NT3 SUPPORTS MANY NEURONAL TYPES IN EARLY DEVELOPMENT
ARRIVAL OF TARGET OFTEN COINCIDES WITH NEW EXPRESSION OF NEURTROPHIC FACTORS BY TARGET
OTHER FACTORS CAN BE NEUROTROPHIC AND CAN ACTIVATE THE SAME PATHWAYS
WHAT OTHER NT FACTORS ARE THERE
GLIA DERIVED NT FACTORS
CYTOKINE DERIVED
CILIARY
HEPATOCYTE
MACROPHAGE STIMULATINGCELL DEATH HELPS WITH WHAT DURING DEVELOPMENT
REMOVAL OF TRANSIENT STRUCTURES SUCH AS SCAFFOLDS
HELPS EXUBERANT GROWTH BY PRUNING WHAT IS NOT NEEDED
HELPS DIFFERENTIATION
WHAT DOES PRUNING INVOLVE
SPECIFIC CYTOSKELETAL DESTRUCTION, BLEBBING AND FRAGMENTATION
IN AXONS DEPRIVED OF NGF, WHAT PROTEIN BINDS TO DEATH RECEPTOR 6.
AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN
WHAT DOES AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN BINDING WITH DEATH RECEPTOR 6 INITIATE
CASPASE 6
IN WHAT CONDITION DO WE COMMONLY SEE AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN
ALZHEIMERS
DR6 HAS AN INTRACELLULAR DEATH DOMAIN WHICH CAN DIRECTLY START …………………… MEDIATED CELL DEATH. P75 NTR ALSO HAS A DEATH DOMAIN BUT IT INITIATES CELL DEATH IN THE ………………… OF A LIGAND.
CASPASE
ABSENCE
