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Cellular N > Neurotransmitters and their receptors part II > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters and their receptors part II Flashcards

1
Q

In the CNS catecholamines act as?

A

Neuromodulators

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2
Q

Catecholamines do not evoke EPSP and IPSP, they are responsible for?

A

How much larger or smaller EPSP and IPSP are.

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3
Q

Specific effects of catecholamines depends on?

A
  • Receptor subtype
  • Intracellular signaling pathways activated
  • Brain area/ circuitry
  • Type of postsynaptic cell
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4
Q

Rate-limiting enzyme is synthesis of all what?

A

Catecholamines

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5
Q

What are factors that induce increases in catecholamine synthesis? (up regulate)

A
  • Stress
  • Caffeine
  • Nicotine
  • Morphine
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6
Q

What are factors that induce increases in catecholamine synthesis? (Down regulate)

A

-Antidepressant

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7
Q

Dopamine is responsible for? (SUBSTANTIA NIGRA AND VTA)

A
  • Movement/motor disorders (parkinson)
  • Rewards/motivation
  • Addiction
  • Schizophrenia
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8
Q

Norepinephrine is responsible for? (LOCUS COERULEUS)

A
  • Attention
  • Wakefulness
  • Stress
  • Pain inhibition
  • ADHD
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9
Q

Epinephrine is responsible for ? (MEDULLA)

A
  • Modulates hormone secretion from hypothalamus/pituitary
  • Stress
  • Fight or Flight
  • Autonomic regulation
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10
Q

Parkinson’s disease is a loss of ?

A

DA Neurons

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11
Q

Positive and negative reinforcement in addiction is due to?

A

When the drug taken induces pleasurable state you are more likely to repeat drug use. When drug reliefs you from distress thats negatively reinforces the use of it.

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12
Q

Drug use is both?

A

Rewarding and reinforcing

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13
Q

Addictive drugs target the reward circuit in the brain which includes the dopaminergic projection from where?

A

Ventral Tagmental Area (VTA)

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14
Q

Repeated use of addictive drug can produce unwanted changes in the brain that leads to?

A

Tolerance
sensitization
Addiction

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15
Q

Definition of Dependence?

A

Is an adaptive state that develops in response to repeated drug administration; upon cessation of drug use this adaptive state may lead to withdrawal symptoms

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16
Q

Definition of Tolerance?

A

Refers to the diminished effect of a drug after repeated administration at the same dose, or the need to increase the dose to produce the same effect;

17
Q

Sensitization is when?

A

The opposite response of tolerance.

18
Q

Medial Forebrain bundle

A

Contains DA,NE, and 5-HT fibers.

**ICCS was used as a mapping tool for defining boundaries of the reward system.

19
Q

Drug of abuse typically releases

_______ times the amount of dopamine that natural rewards do.

A

2 to 10 times

*VTA area in the case of addiction and DA

20
Q

VMAT is responsible for?

A

Vesicular monoamine transporter

21
Q

DAT is responsible for?

A

Dopamine transporter

22
Q

COMT is responsible for?

A

Enzyme that degrades all catecholamines

23
Q

MAO does what?

A

Monoamine oxidase and degrades all monoamines

**Located both intra and extracellularly

24
Q

inhibiting MAO would?

A
  • Increases availability of DA

- Treatment for depression and parkinson’s disease.

25
Q

Cocaine blocks

A

Dopamine transporter (DAT)

  • blocks dopamine re-uptake
  • increases lifetime of DA in synaptic cleft.
26
Q

Amphetamines increase and blocks what re-uptake?

A

Dopamine release and blocks dopamine re-uptake

** It enters presynaptic terminal via DAT and release dopamine. Making dopamine transporters work in reverse.

27
Q

Noradrenaline (Adrenaline) is packed into vesicles by?

A

VMAT (vesicular monoamine transporter)

28
Q

What is Noradrenaline (and adrenaline) re-uptake?

A

NET (Norepinephrine transporter)

29
Q

What is used to degrade Noradrenaline (Adrenaline)?

A

MAO (monoamine oxidase)

30
Q

Noradrenaline (and Adrenaline) post-synaptically on 2 types pf G-coupled receptors. what are they?

A

α- and β-adrenergic receptors

31
Q

SNRIs increase spinal NE leading to enhanced presynaptic inhibition of?

A 
pain afferents (alpha2)
and enhanced activation of spinal GABAergic neurons (alpha1)
32
Q

The SNRI duloxetine is effective for diabetic ________.

A

Neuropathy pain

Cellular N (8 decks)

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