Neurotransmitters and their receptors part III Flashcards
What are the 5 group of Neuropeptides?
- Brain/gut peptide
- Opioid Peptides
- Pituitary peptides
- Hypothalamic releasing hormones
- Other peptides
* *These molecules are genetically encoded
The part of the neuron involved in making Pre-propeptides is ___________.
rough ER
The part of the neuron involved in making Propeptides is the _________
trans-golgi network
Proteolytic processing of pre-propeptides (In the vesicle) can result in?
Several different active peptides and/or creates several copies of the same peptide
Different peptides can be released from the same vesicles . True or False
True
Peptides are also often co-released with classical neurotransmitters. True or False
True
Morphine, heroin, and synthetic opiates such as methadone and fentanyl are potent what?
Analgesics
3 group of endogenous opioid receptor ligands are?
- Endorphine (endogenous morphine)
- Enkephalins
- Dynorphins
3 Major GPCRs bind opioid peptides are?
- Mu opioid receptors
- Delta opioid receptors
- Kappa opioid receptors
Describe Mu opioid receptors
- Major analgesic target
- Also responsible for addictive effects
- Bind endorphins
Describe Delta opioid receptors
- Minor analgesic target
- Bind enkephalins
Describe Kappa opioid receptors
- Possible pro-nociceptive effects
- Cause dysphoria
- Bind dynorphin
Where are enkephalins, endorphins and dynorphins released ?
Periaqueductal gray
**source of modulating pathways to the spinal cord.
Enkephalins are also released directly in the ________ to blunt the effects of nociceptors activation.
Spinal Cord
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active component of?
Marijuana
What are the two types of Endocannabinoids?
2-AG
Anandamide
what are the two cannabinoid receptors (G-protein coupled receptors)
- CB1
- CB2
CB1 receptor is highly expressed in the?
Brain
-also found in adipose tissue, liver, muscle, and gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, reproductive and cardiovascular tissue.
CB2 receptors are expressed primarily in?
Immune cells
Physiological effects of (Endo-) cannabinoids are?
- Inhibition of adenylate cyclase
- Modulation of voltage-dependent calcium, and
- Potassium channels
Enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling does what to the brain?
Produces anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects.
Endocannabinoid system is involved in the regulation of ______ states.
Emotional
Enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling produces analgesia. which is used to regulate?
Regulation of pain.
Specialized Sensory Transducers is?
TRP Channel
- Temperature Sensing TRP channels
- channels also sense natural products
- critical for pain sensing
TRP channels are critical for pain sensing. TRPV1 agonists mediate what?
TRPV1 mediates inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia
Endocannabinoids act as a retrograde messenger to regulate ______ release
Neurotransmitter
TRPV1 is an _____sensor
Inflammation