Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Exam #1 > Neurotransmitters and Receptors > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters and Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

What three ways might a NT be removes from the synaptic cleft?

A

Diffusion, Reuptake, or Degradation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Criteria for NT? (3)

A
  1. Present in Postsynaptic Neuron
  2. Released in response to presynaptic depolarization causing a Ca influx
  3. Specific receptors present on the post-synaptic cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Whats an Ionotropic Receptor?

A

Receptor directly linked to an ion channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the functional domains of an ionotropic receptor?

A

Extracellular NT binding site and membrane spanning domain that forms the ion channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If ionotropic receptor forms one structure, what is it often called?

A

ligand-gated ion channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are ligand-gated ion channels made of?

A

4-5 protein subunits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are metabotropic receptors?

A

Receptors that movement of the ion through the channel requires several metabolic steps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a G-protein coupled receptor?

A

A monomeric protein with an extracellular domain that contains a transmitter binding site and an intracellular domain that binds G proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Activation of a G-protein coupled receptor will cause what?

A

Activation via intracellular messengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which type of receptor works more quickly?

A

Ionotropic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?

A

An ionotropic acetylcholine receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many subunits does nAChR have?

What are they made of?

A

Five

A long hydrophobic N-terminal domain, 3 hydrophobic segments, a hydrophilic, and a 4th hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the ACh binding site on an nAChR?

A

near two consecutive cysteines (disulfide bond) on the N-terminal domain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which segment lines the nAChR pore?

A

TM2 of each of the 5 subunits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to the nAChR receptor when ACh is bound?

A

Rotation of TM2 segments. These segments have a kink in the middle of their structure that blocks ion flow through the pore.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What allows choline reuptake in neurons?

A

Sodium coupled choline transport system

17
Q

Most excitatory neurons in the CNS are what?

What receptor do they use?

A

Glutamatergic

Ionotropic glutamate receptor

18
Q

Two subtypes of ionotropic glutamate receptors?

A

AMPA and NMDA

19
Q

What are AMPA channels permeable to? What opens them?

A

Na and K

Glutamate

20
Q

What are NMDA channels permeable to? What opens them?

A

Na, K, and Ca

Require glutamate and partial membrane depolarization

21
Q

What ion blocks NMDA in a resting membrane?

A

Mg

22
Q

Why should we give a shit about NMDA receptors?

A

They cause long term synaptic modifications that may be important in learning and memory.

23
Q

What is an NMDA and AMPA receptor made of?

A

Five subunits.

TM2 segments that don’t completely traverse the membrane

24
Q

How is glutamate of the nervous system recycled?

A

After synaptic release, uptake by glial cells. Here they are converted to glutamine and returned to the nerve terminal for conversion back to glutamate.

25
Q

Name the two main inhibitory neurotransmitters.

A

GABA and Glycine

26
Q

Name the types of GABA receptors utilized by inhibitory brain neurons.

A

GABA-A, GABA-B

27
Q

What is GABA-A?

A

Ionotropic GABA gated Cl- channel

28
Q

What is GABA-B?

A

Metabolotropic K Channel

29
Q

What are glycine receptors?

A

Receptors on inhibitory interneurons that act as ionotropic glycine gated Cl- channels.

30
Q

Name types of G protein receptors

A

alpha and beta adrenergic, epinephrine, norepinephrine, GABA-B, metab. glutamete rec, serotonin receptor

31
Q

Describe G protein couple receptor structure.

A

7 transmembrane segments. transmitter binding sit, g protein binding site

32
Q

How do G proteins work? (general)

A

Activated G proteins act through G protein to activate a primary effector molecule to generate 2nd messenger. This can act on target proteins or activate 2ndary effectors.

33
Q

Name two specific ways that a G protein may activate a channel.

A
  1. Direct interaction with the channel after activation

2, Indirect interaction with the channel following G protein activation (ex. G–>Ad.Cyc.–>cAMP)

34
Q

Give two signalling advantages of metabotropic receptors.

A

Amplification of signals, long lasting effects

Physiology Exam #1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions