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PRITE Neuroscience > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Dopamine release in what structure represents the common final event associated with reinforcing effects of opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, PCP, and alcohol? (4x)

A

NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS

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2
Q

What is the role of glycine at NMDA receptor? (x2)

A

OBLIGATE COAGONIST

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3
Q

Which neurotransmitter system is the last to mature in the CNS of children and
adolescents? (2x)

A

CHOLINERGIC

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4
Q

What compound increases muscle mass by increasing episodic secretion of GH? (2x)

A

GAMMA HYDROXYLBUTYRATE

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5
Q

What part of the brain has the highest concentration of 5HT producing cells?

A

RAPHE NUCLEI

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6
Q

Dopamine and what other neurotransmitter regulates reward circuitry?

A

GABA

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7
Q

What neuroimaging technology is most useful in studying connectivity pathways?

A

SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION CT SCAN

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8
Q

What area of the body has the most serotonin?

A

GI TRACT

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9
Q

What neurotransmitter has been associated with anxiety?

A

NOREPINEPHRINE

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10
Q

Positive allosteric modulators of neurotransmitter-gated, multimeric ion channels do what?

A

INCREASE PROBABILITY OF OPENING IN

PRESENCE OF A LIGAND

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11
Q

Where are the major clusters of cell bodies containing serotonin in brain?

A

RAPHE NUCLEUS IN THE BRAIN STEM

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12
Q

What is the principal mechanism of termination of synaptic activity of dopamine in prefrontal cortex?

A

DIFFUSION

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13
Q

Opiates inhibit Camp dependent protein phosphorylation in which part of the brain?

A

LOCUS CERULEUS

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14
Q

Which neurotransmitter maintains consistent levels with age?

A

SEROTONIN

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15
Q

Which neurotransmitters are reduced in quantity, uptake and turnover in spasticity?

A

GLYCINE & GABA

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16
Q

The cognitive enhancement associated with experimental D-cycloserine treatment in pt’s
with schizophrenia has been attributed to enhancement of NMDA receptor activity by which
neurotransmitter?

A

GLYCINE

17
Q

In addiction, dopaminergic neurons project to the nucleus accumbens. Cell bodies of these
neurons reside in which area of brain?

A

VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA

18
Q

Which neurotransmitter is predominantly inhibitory?

A

GLYCINE

19
Q

Which neurotransmitter is assoc w/ reward & reinforcement in nicotine dependence?

A

DOPAMINE

20
Q

Prostaglandin D2 increases extracellular levels of what?

A

ADENOSINE

21
Q

Which neurotransmitter is a retrograde neurotransmitter?

A

ENDOCANNABINOIDS

22
Q

Are Ach receptors in cerebral cortex inhibitory or excitatory?

A

They are both inhibitory and excitatory

23
Q

What is a neurohormone associated with social bonding?

A

OXYTOCIN

24
Q

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for the rewarding

nature of drug abuse?

A

DOPAMINE

25
Q

Low CSF levels of which neurotransmitter metabolites is associated with suicidality?

A

5-HYDROXYINDOLE ACETIC ACID (5-HIAA)

26
Q

What is the 5HT3 receptor classification?

A

LIGAND GATED

27
Q

Pain by neurogenic inflammation is mediated by what?

A

SUBSTANCE P

28
Q

Decreased levels of what neurotransmitter is most associated with depressed mood, poor sleep, and poor impulse control?

A

SEROTONIN

29
Q

Psych stress increases cortisol and prolonged cortisol is associated with bad outcomes. Stress
also affects other hormones. Increase in which hormone is correlated with decreased PTSD
severity most likely due to hormone’s anti-glucocorticoid properties:

A

DHEA

30
Q

Activation of this receptor is likely responsible for the anti-anxiety, motor-impairment, and
sedative hypnotic effects of alcohol

A

GABA-A

31
Q

What neurotransmitter is responsible for regulating sleep and wakefulness?

A

HISTAMINE

32
Q

What neurotransmitter is thought to play a key role in fine-tuning working memory function
in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

A

DOPAMINE

33
Q

Which neurotransmitter levels would be affected what changes in tyrosine hydroxylase levels:

A

DOPAMINE

34
Q

Blockade of which receptor causes sedation and weight gain side effects for antipsychotics
and antidepressants?

A

HISTAMINE

35
Q

What neurotransmitter present in the periaqueductal gray matter is involved in the
mediation of pain?

A

ENDORPHINS

36
Q

Which neurotransmitter, IF dysfunctional, most replicates core symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

GLUTAMATE

PRITE Neuroscience (3 decks)

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