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Psychology > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

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1
Q

the first neurotransmitter discovered

A

acetylcholine

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2
Q

responsible for muscle contractions

A

ACh

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3
Q

This neurotransmitter STIMULATES skeletal muscles to contract yet SLOWS contractions in the heart; hence, this neurotransmitters is both excitatory and inhibitory.

A

ACh

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4
Q

if a neurotransmitter stimulates a response it is considered to be

A

excitatory

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5
Q

if a neurotransmitter can block a response it is considered to be

A

inhibitory

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6
Q

name the neurotransmitters that are both excitatory and inhibitory

A

ACh, Dopamine and Seratonin

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7
Q

what do ACh and Norepinephrine have in common?

A

they play a role in our arousal

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8
Q

what does “arousal” mean?

A

the state of being physiologically alert, awake, and attentive.

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9
Q

what do ACh and Glutamate have in common?

A

both are involved with memory

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10
Q

works primarily in muscles, helping our bodies translating our intention to move into actions

A

ACh

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11
Q

most abundant neurotransmitter and often considered the most important one too

A

glutamate

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12
Q

What do GABA and glutamate have in common?

A

both have the title “major.” GABA the major inhibitory neurotransmitter and glutamate the major excitatory neurotransmitter.

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13
Q

Which two neurotransmitters would be involved with diseases that involve memory loss, such as Alzheimer’s?

A

glutamate and ACh

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14
Q

newly linked with learning as well, this is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter; glutamate is its excitatory correlate

A

GABA

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15
Q

what does GABA stand for?

A

gama-aminobutyric acid

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16
Q

this neurotransmitter calms our nerves

A

GABA

17
Q

caffeine inhibits GABA release which is why too much coffee can make us…

A

jittery, anxious and shaky

18
Q

Botox blocks ________, which helps our muscles contract. Therefore, our muscles are blocked by botox, incapable of movement, and therefore “paralyzed”

A

Acetylcholine

19
Q

What natural substance has the same effect as morphine and heroine?

A

Endorphins

20
Q

What is the problem with taking heroine or morphine?

A

the body will stop producing endorphins, which is our main protection against pain.

21
Q

Parkinson’s disease and Schizophrenia have this neurotransmitter in common

A

Dopamine

22
Q

often referred to as the “pleasure chemical”

A

DA

23
Q

When your teacher rewards you with a star sticker, ______ is released

A

dopamine

24
Q

recently, they have found a role of _______ in ADHD and attention.

A

dopamine

25
Q

Parkinson’s disease is a result of too little of what?

A

dopamine

26
Q

What psychological disorder is associated with too much dopamine?

A

schizophrenia

27
Q

low _______ is linked to insomnia and the inability to sleep

A

GABA

28
Q

Why shouldn’t someone take an SSRI before bed?

A

They have found that serotonin that isn’t evenly distributed can actually interrupt sleep or prevent REM

29
Q

fun fact about memory and learning:

A

now every neurotransmitter has a role in some way

30
Q

those of us who have good moods, positive behaviours, healthy appetites, and consistent sleep patterns can thank…

A

Serotonin (5-HT)

31
Q

if DA is often referred to as the “pleasure chemical,” 5-HT would be considered the…

A

“calming chemical”

32
Q

what does serotonin help to regulate?

A

mood, social behavior, sleep, appetite, digestion, memory, sexual desire

33
Q

I want more of a “mood balance.” I must be needing more…

A

5-HT

34
Q

glutamate is involved with synaptic plasticity, which means…

A

…the ability of the brain to change connections among its neurons.

35
Q

too much of this neurotransmitter results in overactivation and neuronal damage, often associated with cell death common in Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s, or after suffering a stroke.

A

glutamate

36
Q

medical research into obesity would look closely at this neurotransmitter and its possible role

A

seratonin

Psychology (4 decks)

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