Neurotransmitters Flashcards
Main amino acid neurotransmitters
glutamate
GABA
glycine
glutamate
main excitatory transmitter in CNS
GABA
main inhibitory transmitter. Synthesized from glutamate and causes Cl- influx
glycine
inhibitory transmitter in the brain stem, spinal cord and retinal tissue
Main Monoamines
Da
NE
5Ht
the NT involved in learning, and may cause parkinsonian like symptoms if depleted
DA
NT invovled in arousal, fight or flight
NE
the NT involved in mood control, and released by the raphé nuclei
5HT
the NT involved with CNS modulation and muscle contraction
Acetyl choline
Nitric Oxide
promotes vasodilation and CNS modulation
the main NT in taste cells, and co transmitter in many diverse synapses
ATPs
a ____ is a small 10 AA length chain that modifies the effects of other neurotransmittesr on the target receptor
Neuropeptides.
Dales Principle
individual neurons may release more than one transmitter but they typically release the same combination of substances into the synpase
5 main types of neuropeptides
1) ADH/Vasopressin
2) Oxytocin
3) Substance P
4) Dynorphin
5) Neuropeptide Y
ADH
Controls fluid balance and reproductive behavior
Oxytocin
induces labor, controls reproductive behavior
neuropeptide that modulates pain
dynorphin
substance P
modulates pain SENSITIVITY
Neuropeptide Y
regulates appetite.
mechanism and effecs of MDMA. Side effectS?
causes serotonin to stay in the synapse longer. More intense mood effects; increase pleasure, feelings of closeness. Causes depression afterwards due to serotonin depletion. research shows it irreversibly damages serotonergic axons; may cause chronic depression and impulsivity and impaired verbal memory in chronic users.
Neuromodulation
the alteration of a neurons response to a specific synapse or neurotransmitter. substances can act as neuromodulators.
Ionotropic receptors
ligan gated ion channels that open up when activated by the binding of a neurotransmitter. Ions then flow through the central pore.
example of an ionotropic receptor
AMPA: opens in response to glutmate and allows Na+ to flow into cell (excitatory)
Metabotropic receptors. Which receptor causes change the fastest? Metabotropic or ionotropic?
no cental power, but they are COUPLED to nearby ion channesl and can employ SECOND MESSENGER SYSTEMS as an intermediary step. They are slower to take effect but they are longer lasting