Neurotransmitters 2 Flashcards
small-molecule neurotransmitters
nitrogen-containing molecules
- amines (acetylcholine, epinepherine, dopamine, histmaine, etc.)
- amino acids (glutamate, aspartate)
intermediates of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle (TCA cycle)
small-molecule neurotransmitters
synthesis of small-molecule neurotransmitters
made from a.a. intermediates of glycolysis and the TCA cycle in the presynaptic terminal.
small-molecule neurotransmitters transported into storage vesicles
an ATP-requiring pump linked with the proton gradient.
release of small-molecule neurotransmitters is by
nerve impulse that depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane and causes an influx of Ca2 ions through voltage-gated calcium channels.
small-molecule neurotransmitters bind postsynaptic receptor to
transmit signals
small-molecule neurotransmitters action is terminated through
reuptake into the
- presynaptic terminal
- uptake into glial cells
- diffusion away from the synapse
- enzymatic inactivation
presynaptic neuron allow Ca2+ to enter and stimulate exocytosis of the neurotransmitter
action potential
when neurotransmitter is stored inside small sacs called synaptic vesicles and is released into the synaptic cleft of the synapse and vesicle fuses with the cell membrane
exocytosis of neurotransmitter
exception of action of small-molecule neurotransmitter process is
nitric oxide because it is a gas
neurotransmitters that are synthesized and secreted by both neurons and other cells
epinephrine serotonin histamine
monomines
epinephrine norepinephrine dopamine serotonin histamine
amino acids
gaba glycine aspartic acid glutamic acid
first stage of action in small-molecule neurotransmitters
synthesis of enzymes in cytosol endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus (packaging into large-dense core vesicles)
transport of small-molecule neurotransmitters enzymes is
slow and fast-axonal transport
