Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry > Neurotransmitters 1 > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters 1 Flashcards

1
Q

neurotransmitters are synthesized and stored in

A

presynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where and when are neurotransmitters released

A

at a synapse following depolarization of the nerve terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

depolarisation

A

dependent on influx of calcium ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

type of neurotransmitters

A
  • Neuropeptides
  • Small-molecule
    Amines (acetylcholine, epinepherine, dopamine,
    histmaine, etc.)
    Amino acids (glutamate, aspartate)
  • Gases (nitric oxide)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when neurons secrete their peptides into the vascular system to be transported to a relatively distant target

A

neurohormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

many axon terminals of neurosecretory cells secrete their products at the synapse to directly affect a post synaptic cell

A

neurotransmitteres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

synthesis and stage action of neuropeptides

A
  • synthesis (endoplasmic reticulum)
  • packaged into large-dense core vesicles (with modifying enzymes)
  • transport (fast-axonal transport)
  • release
  • action (prolonged)
  • terminates by diffusion and degradation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

active peptides

A
  • acth
  • b - lipoprotein
  • y - lipotropin
  • b - endorphins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cns behaviorial action weak on

A

adrenal and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

synthesis of neuropeptides is controlled by

A

alternative splicing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

preprotachykinins

A

precursor proteins that are modified into tachykinin peptides via alternative splicing and post-translational modifications, preprotachykinins produce multiple peptide neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

behaviour pain perception memory appetite thirst temperature homeostasis sleep

A

controlled by neuropeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

short sequences of amino acids such as endorphins

A

endogenous opioid peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

opioid receptors mostly couple to

A

Gαi type G-proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

inhibit the presynaptic release in neurons of different types of neurotransmitters such as GABA noradrenaline acetylcholine or dopamine

A

opioid receptors coupling with Gai type G-proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do opioid receptors decrease intracellular cAMP levels

A

by inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity decrease calcium ion entry and increase potassium ion efflux

17
Q

dopamine is not a

A

neuropeptide

18
Q

post-translational processing of precursor molecule give

A

neuropeptides

19
Q

regulate analgesia euphoria physical dependence
gastrointestinal motility psychiatric disorders memory and learning respiration and thermoregulation eating drinking and many other functions

A

opioids

20
Q

examples of neuropeptides

A 
endogenous opiates neuropeptide Y Galanin
Pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating peptide (PACAP) 
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Neurokinin A (NKA)
Substance P (SP)
Neurotensin
Nerve growth factor (NGF)
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
21
Q

regulation of anxiety and stress

A

galanin

22
Q

receptor activates PLC

A

GalR2

23
Q

in galanin stimulate the adenylate cyclase and cAMP production

A

GalR1 and GalR3

24
Q

pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating peptide (PACAP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by

A

ADCYAP1 gene

25
Q

stimulates enterochromaffin-like cells (type of neuroendocrine cell found in the gastric glands of the gastric mucosa beneath the epithelium, in particular in the vicinity of parietal cells, that aid in the production of gastric acid via the release of histamine)

A

pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating peptide (PACAP)

26
Q

stimulates adenylate cyclase and subsequently increases the cAMP level in target cells

A

pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating peptide (PACAP)

27
Q

binds to vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor and to the PACAP receptor.

A

(PACAP)

28
Q

melanotropins exist in which three forms

A

α β and γ

29
Q

products of the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland.

A

msh

30
Q

act in opposition to the effects of the cytokine interleukin 1 in several biological systems

A

msh

31
Q

formerly known as substance k a neurologically active peptide translated from the pre-protachykinin gene.

A

Neurokinin A

32
Q

influential on the mammalian inflammatory and pain responses

A

Neurokinin A

33
Q

MSH

A

learning and memory, fever suppression, peripheral nerve regeneration, inflammatory and immune responses, and sexual behavior.

34
Q

vasodilation, inflammatory response, pain perception.

A

Substance P

35
Q

Substance P

A
  • tachykinins family
  • 11-amino acid peptide
  • act via neurokinin receptors 1, 2, or 3 (GPCR) and Gs
36
Q

augments the vasoconstrictor effects of norepinephrine.

36 amino acid peptide

A

Neuropeptide Y

37
Q

act via tyrosine kinase receptors

A

Nerve growth factor (NGF)

38
Q

member of the neurotrophin family

A

Nerve growth factor (NGF)

39
Q

Nerve growth factor (NGF)

A

involved in the regulation of growth, maintenance, proliferation, and survival of certain target neurons.
Affect tissue immune reactivity

Biochemistry (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions