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Pharmacology Exam 1 > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

What neurotransmitter is utilized in presynaptic nerve terminals for parasympathetic and sympathetic systems?

A

Acetylcholine

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2
Q

What type of receptor is between the pre and post synaptic nerve terminals of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

A

Nicotinic

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3
Q

What type of receptor is a nicotinic receptor?

A

Ion gated ligand channel

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4
Q

What type of receptor is a muscarinic receptor?

A

G-protein coupled

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5
Q

Succinylcholine is an agonist OR antagonist at a nicotinic OR muscarinic receptor.

A

Agonist, nicotinic

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6
Q

Non-depolarizing muscle relaxers are agonists OR antagonists at nicotinic OR muscarinic receptors.

A

Antagonist, nicotinic

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7
Q

What receptor does acetylcholine agonize?
A. Nicotinic
B. Muscarinic
C. Both

A

C. Both

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8
Q

What blocks a dopamine receptor?

A

haloperidol, metoclopramide, droperidol

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9
Q

What are alpha-1 agonists?

A

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Phenylephrine

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10
Q

What are alpha-1 antagonists?

A

Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosin

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11
Q

What are alpha-2 agonists?

A

Clonidine, Dexmedetomidine

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12
Q

What are alpha-2 antagonists?

A

Yohimbine

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13
Q

What are beta-1 agonists?

A

Dobutamine, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine

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14
Q

What are beta-2 agonists?

A

Albuterol, Terbutaline

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15
Q

What are beta-1 antagonists?

A

Metoprolol, Atenolol

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16
Q

What are beta-2 antagonists?

A

Propranolol

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17
Q

What do MAOIs do?

A

Inhibit the breakdown of catecholamines

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18
Q

What two enzymes breakdown catecholamines?

A

COMT, MAO

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19
Q

What terminal does Norepinephrine work at?

A

Both the presynaptic (feedback loop) and postsynaptic

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20
Q

What does stimulation of alpha-1 receptors lead to?

A

Vasoconstriction

21
Q

What does stimulation of alpha-2 receptors lead to?

A

Inhibits NE release, vasoconstriction, and myocardial hypertrophy

22
Q

What does stimulation of beta-1 receptors lead to?

A

Increased heart rate, increased inotropy

23
Q

What does stimulation of beta-2 receptors lead to?

A

Smooth muscle relaxation including vessel walls

24
Q

What does stimulation of beta-3 receptors lead to?

A

Metabolism (lipolysis)

25
Q

How is Norepinephrine synthesized?

A

Tyrosine to Dopa to Dopamine to Norepinephrine

26
Q

How does Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine get out of the presynaptic terminal?

A

Exocytosis

27
Q

What blocks a muscarinic receptor?

A

Atropine, scopolamine, and pilocarpine

28
Q

What does the stimulation of muscarinic receptors lead to?

A

Saliva and sweat secretion, pupil constriction, increased GI peristalsis, and slows heart rate

29
Q

Which dopamine receptors increase cAMP?

30
Q

Which dopamine receptors decrease cAMP?

31
Q

Where are H1 receptors found in the body?

A

Vascular smooth muscle (dilation), bronchial smooth muscle (constriction), and CNS

32
Q

Where are H2 receptors found in the body?

A

Stomach (increase acid production)

33
Q

Where are H3 receptors found in the body?

A

On presynaptic terminals (reduce further histamine release)

34
Q

What are antagonists to H1 receptors?

A

Diphenhydramine, loratadine

35
Q

What are antagonists to H2 receptors?

A

Famotidine

36
Q

Which serotonin receptor can be linked to nausea?

A

5-HT3
*Only ligand gated

37
Q

What is the chemical name for serotonin?

A

5-hydroxytriptamine

38
Q

What does serotonin affect in the body?

A

Intestinal movement, mood, cognition, sleep

39
Q

What are agonists for serotonin?

A

Buspirone, triptans, LSD, cisapride

40
Q

What are antagonists to serotonin?

A

Ondansetron, risperidone

41
Q

What meds can be given to block each of the neurotransmitters that interact with nausea?
Dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, substance P

A

Dopamine: droperidol/haldol
Serotonin: ondansetron
Acetylcholine: scopolamine
Histamine:
Substance P: emend

42
Q

What is the primary brain excitatory neurotransmitter?

43
Q

What is glutamate synthesized from and where is it synthesized?

A

Glutamine, in the neurons
*Does not cross the BBB

44
Q

What receptor does glutamate work at?

45
Q

What does glutamate need to activate the receptor?

46
Q

What are glutamate antagonists?

A

Dextromethorphan
Nitrous oxide
Ketamine
Magnesium
Methadone

47
Q

What is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

48
Q

What are the two most abundant neurotransmitters in the brain?

A
  1. Glutamate
  2. GABA
49
Q

What is GABA synthesized from?

Pharmacology Exam 1 (5 decks)

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