Neurotransmitters

Question 1

What neurotransmitter is utilized in presynaptic nerve terminals for parasympathetic and sympathetic systems?

Answer 1

Acetylcholine

Question 2

What type of receptor is between the pre and post synaptic nerve terminals of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Answer 2

Nicotinic

Question 3

What type of receptor is a nicotinic receptor?

Answer 3

Ion gated ligand channel

Question 4

What type of receptor is a muscarinic receptor?

Answer 4

G-protein coupled

Question 5

Succinylcholine is an agonist OR antagonist at a nicotinic OR muscarinic receptor.

Answer 5

Agonist, nicotinic

Question 6

Non-depolarizing muscle relaxers are agonists OR antagonists at nicotinic OR muscarinic receptors.

Answer 6

Antagonist, nicotinic

Question 7

What receptor does acetylcholine agonize?
A. Nicotinic
B. Muscarinic
C. Both

Answer 7

C. Both

Question 8

What blocks a dopamine receptor?

Answer 8

haloperidol, metoclopramide, droperidol

Question 9

What are alpha-1 agonists?

Answer 9

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Phenylephrine

Question 10

What are alpha-1 antagonists?

Answer 10

Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosin

Question 11

What are alpha-2 agonists?

Answer 11

Clonidine, Dexmedetomidine

Question 12

What are alpha-2 antagonists?

Answer 12

Yohimbine

Question 13

What are beta-1 agonists?

Answer 13

Dobutamine, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine

Question 14

What are beta-2 agonists?

Answer 14

Albuterol, Terbutaline

Question 15

What are beta-1 antagonists?

Answer 15

Metoprolol, Atenolol

Question 16

What are beta-2 antagonists?

Answer 16

Propranolol

Question 17

What do MAOIs do?

Answer 17

Inhibit the breakdown of catecholamines

Question 18

What two enzymes breakdown catecholamines?

Answer 18

COMT, MAO

Question 19

What terminal does Norepinephrine work at?

Answer 19

Both the presynaptic (feedback loop) and postsynaptic

Question 20

What does stimulation of alpha-1 receptors lead to?

Answer 20

Vasoconstriction

Question 21

What does stimulation of alpha-2 receptors lead to?

Answer 21

Inhibits NE release, vasoconstriction, and myocardial hypertrophy

Question 22

What does stimulation of beta-1 receptors lead to?

Answer 22

Increased heart rate, increased inotropy

Question 23

What does stimulation of beta-2 receptors lead to?

Answer 23

Smooth muscle relaxation including vessel walls

Question 24

What does stimulation of beta-3 receptors lead to?

Answer 24

Metabolism (lipolysis)

Question 25

How is Norepinephrine synthesized?

Answer 25

Tyrosine to Dopa to Dopamine to Norepinephrine

Question 26

How does Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine get out of the presynaptic terminal?

Answer 26

Exocytosis

Question 27

What blocks a muscarinic receptor?

Answer 27

Atropine, scopolamine, and pilocarpine

Question 28

What does the stimulation of muscarinic receptors lead to?

Answer 28

Saliva and sweat secretion, pupil constriction, increased GI peristalsis, and slows heart rate

Question 29

Which dopamine receptors increase cAMP?

Answer 29

D1, D5

Question 30

Which dopamine receptors decrease cAMP?

Answer 30

D2,D3,D4

Question 31

Where are H1 receptors found in the body?

Answer 31

Vascular smooth muscle (dilation), bronchial smooth muscle (constriction), and CNS

Question 32

Where are H2 receptors found in the body?

Answer 32

Stomach (increase acid production)

Question 33

Where are H3 receptors found in the body?

Answer 33

On presynaptic terminals (reduce further histamine release)

Question 34

What are antagonists to H1 receptors?

Answer 34

Diphenhydramine, loratadine

Question 35

What are antagonists to H2 receptors?

Answer 35

Famotidine

Question 36

Which serotonin receptor can be linked to nausea?

Answer 36

5-HT3 *Only ligand gated

Question 37

What is the chemical name for serotonin?

Answer 37

5-hydroxytriptamine

Question 38

What does serotonin affect in the body?

Answer 38

Intestinal movement, mood, cognition, sleep

Question 39

What are agonists for serotonin?

Answer 39

Buspirone, triptans, LSD, cisapride

Question 40

What are antagonists to serotonin?

Answer 40

Ondansetron, risperidone

Question 41

What meds can be given to block each of the neurotransmitters that interact with nausea? Dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, substance P

Answer 41

Dopamine: droperidol/haldol Serotonin: ondansetron Acetylcholine: scopolamine Histamine: Substance P: emend

Question 42

What is the primary brain excitatory neurotransmitter?

Answer 42

Glutamate

Question 43

What is glutamate synthesized from and where is it synthesized?

Answer 43

Glutamine, in the neurons *Does not cross the BBB

Question 44

What receptor does glutamate work at?

Answer 44

NMDA

Question 45

What does glutamate need to activate the receptor?

Answer 45

Glycine

Question 46

What are glutamate antagonists?

Answer 46

Dextromethorphan Nitrous oxide Ketamine Magnesium Methadone

Question 47

What is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Answer 47

GABA

Question 48

What are the two most abundant neurotransmitters in the brain?

Answer 48

1. Glutamate 2. GABA

Question 49

What is GABA synthesized from?

Answer 49

Glutamate