Neurotransmitter P1 Flashcards
baseline level of some bioactivity in a post-synaptic neuron
4 on a scale 1-10
further raising effect of the transmitter
4 to 7
raises level from 4 to 7
full agonist
agonist drug and regularly present neurotransmitter would raise activity closer to
10
might raise level from 4 to 5 or 6
partial agonist
would block any effect of the neurotransmitter, leaving activity at 4 (even when neurotransmitter is present)
antagonist
lower level from 4 to 3 2 or 1
inverse agonist
*Acetylcholine
* Monoamines
* Catecholamines
* Dopamine
* Norepinephrine
* Indolamines
* Serotonin
* Amino Acids
* Glutamate
* GABA
classic neurotransmitters
catecholamines and indolamines are
monoamines (1 amine)
Dopamine and Norepinephrine are
catecholamines
serotonin is a
Indolamine
Glutamate and GABA are
Amino Acids and the most common neurotransmitters
Ach synthesis term
choline acetyltransferase
neurotransmitter created when choline and coenzyme A are attached
Ach (acetylcholine)
breakdown of Ach, found at the postsynaptic membrane
acetylcholinesterase
re-uptaken into the presynaptic neuron to be turned into Ach again after Ache breaks off
choline
biproduct of acetylcholine breakdown
choline + acetate
used for Alzheimer’s disease to prevent acetylcholine breakdown
Ache blockers
Ach receptor that is ionotropic and excitatory, allows Na+ into neuron
nicotinic (activated by nicotine)
Ach receptor that is metabotropic and inhibitory, allows K+ into neuron
muscarinic (activated by muscarine, in mushrooms)
5 proteins surrounding ion channel, tightly bound at rest
Nicotinic receptors
anything that binds to the receptor
ligand
influences Ach storage, prevents Ach from being packaged in vesicles
vesamicol
influences Ach release, blocks the release of Ach, black widow venom promotes release
botulinum toxin (BoTox)
autoimmune disease where certain muscle group(s) that are constantly tense
dystonia
aides in muscle relaxation
BoTox
influences Ach uptake, blocks choline reuptake
hemicholinium
Influences Ach metabolism (breakdown)
many AChE inhibitors, e.g., VX & Sarin nerve gas;
myasthenia gravis drugs like pyridostigmine (Mestinon); Alzheimer drugs like
donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), & galantamine (Reminyl, Razadyne)
autoimmune disease that launches an attack on neuro-muscular junction
myasthenia gravis
blocks Ach receptors
tropine, scopolamine, diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
some antipsychotics antagonize this Ach receptor
muscarinic
curare, cobra-like snake venom antagonizes this Ach receptor
nicotinic
stimulates Ach receptors
bethanecol
pilocarpine agonizes this Ach receptor
muscarinic
nicotine and varenicline (chantix) agonizes this Ach receptor
nicotinic
dilates pupils, mydriasis
belladonna
