Neurophysiology 2

Question 1

inflow of Na+ causes

Answer 1

depolarization

Question 2

outflow of K+ causes

Answer 2

hyperpolarization

Question 3

outflow of Cl- causes

Answer 3

hyperpolarization

Question 4

hyperpolarization

Answer 4

IPSP (inhibitory-post-synaptic-potential)

Question 5

depolarization

Answer 5

EPSP (excitatory-post-synaptic-potential)

Question 6

decrease in charge difference, bring potential a bit closer to 0

Answer 6

EPSP

Question 7

increase in charge difference, bring potential a bit farther from 0

Answer 7

IPSP

Question 8

threshold, mass opening of Na+ channels

Answer 8

-60mv

Question 9

spike in Na+ channels opening causes these channels to open

Answer 9

K+

Question 10

returns axon to resting

Answer 10

Na+/K+ ATP-ase

Question 11

where the AP starts

Answer 11

axon hillock

Question 12

attacks neurons and forces Na+ channels to open

Answer 12

tetrodotoxin (pufferfish)

Question 13

forces sodium (Na+) channels to stay open in bugs

Answer 13

permethrins (in raid)

Question 14

determines IPSP/EPSP on a receptor

Answer 14

function

Question 15

function where neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles with the aide of Ca channels

Answer 15

exocytosis

Question 16

direct reuptake into presynaptic neuron, uptake by other nearby cell (ie astrocyte), enzymatic degradation in the synapse, simple diffusion

Answer 16

termination(s) of excess neurotransmitters

Question 17

molecule of neurotransmitter attaches to binding site an ion channels open

Answer 17

ionotropic

Question 18

G-protein coupled, receptor activates G protein and a breaks away and attaches itself to the ion channel, letting ions enter (ions can also potentially leave the cell)

Answer 18

metabotropic

Question 19

In a subset of CNS synapses, the presynaptic
neuron, postsynaptic neuron, and astrocyte
all work as a unit, Astrocyte responds to neurotransmitter (Nt) release and regulates neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission through release of
gliotransmitters

Answer 19

tripartite synapse

Question 20

abnormalities of this might be relevant to several important disorders

Answer 20

gliotransmission