Neurophysiology 2 Flashcards
inflow of Na+ causes
depolarization
outflow of K+ causes
hyperpolarization
outflow of Cl- causes
hyperpolarization
hyperpolarization
IPSP (inhibitory-post-synaptic-potential)
depolarization
EPSP (excitatory-post-synaptic-potential)
decrease in charge difference, bring potential a bit closer to 0
EPSP
increase in charge difference, bring potential a bit farther from 0
IPSP
threshold, mass opening of Na+ channels
-60mv
spike in Na+ channels opening causes these channels to open
K+
returns axon to resting
Na+/K+ ATP-ase
where the AP starts
axon hillock
attacks neurons and forces Na+ channels to open
tetrodotoxin (pufferfish)
forces sodium (Na+) channels to stay open in bugs
permethrins (in raid)
determines IPSP/EPSP on a receptor
function
function where neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles with the aide of Ca channels
exocytosis
direct reuptake into presynaptic neuron, uptake by other nearby cell (ie astrocyte), enzymatic degradation in the synapse, simple diffusion
termination(s) of excess neurotransmitters
molecule of neurotransmitter attaches to binding site an ion channels open
ionotropic
G-protein coupled, receptor activates G protein and a breaks away and attaches itself to the ion channel, letting ions enter (ions can also potentially leave the cell)
metabotropic
In a subset of CNS synapses, the presynaptic
neuron, postsynaptic neuron, and astrocyte
all work as a unit, Astrocyte responds to neurotransmitter (Nt) release and regulates neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission through release of
gliotransmitters
tripartite synapse
abnormalities of this might be relevant to several important disorders
gliotransmission
