Neurotransmitter Notebook Flashcards
Possible Effects of the Decrease or Increases of a NT
Decrease Acetylcholine*
CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS: muscarinic: M1 –M5 or nicotinic: NM = NMJ or NN=(a4)2(b4)3 or (a7)5
Impaired memory/cognition Cardiac instability (Increased HR, BP) Mydriasis (blurred vision) Agitation Dry mouth Constipation Anti-urination Skeletal muscle block Hallucinations
Increase Acetylcholine*
Pro-Memory Slow HR Miosis Dizziness Salivation/airway mucus Diarrhea -- Skeletal muscle transmission --
Decrease Dopamine*
DOPAMINERGIC RECEPTORS: D1-like or D2-like
Depression/Dysphoria Low motivation EPS (incl. drug induced PD/TD) Increased gastric motility Increase prolactin Anti-nausea Anti-psychotic
Increase Dopamine*
Increased Mood Reward/ Addiction Increased movement Inhibit gastric motility Decrease prolactin Nausea Psychosis
Decrease Serotonin*
SEROTONERGIC RECEPTORS: 5HT1- 5HT7, with subtypes (13 total)
Depression/Dysphoria
Anxiety
Anti-nausea
–
Increase Serotonin*
Increased Mood Anti-anxiety Nausea Anti-migraine Increase gastric motility Hyperthermia (high doses) Serotonin Syndrome (high doses)
Decrease Histamine*
HISTAMINERGIC RECEPTORS: H1- H4
Sedative Weight gain Anti-emetic Anti-allergy (anti-itch/inflammation) Anti-gastric acid release
Increase Histamine*
(stimulant; but never used) (weight loss; but never used) Emetic Pro-itch/inflammation Gastric acid release
Decrease GABA*
GABAERGIC RECEPTORS: GABAA, GABAB
Alertness Anxiety Insomnia Seizures --
Increase GABA*
Sedation Anti-anxiety Hypnotic Anti-seizure/anti-epileptic Coma (high doses) Respiratory depression (high doses)
Decrease Glutamate*
GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS: NMDA, AMPA, kainate, metabotropic
Anti-anxiety
Anti-seizure/anti-epileptic
Tmt of stroke
Increase Glutamate*
Memory and learning
Pain processing
Seizures
Decrease Opioid*
OPIOID RECEPTORS: m1 & m2; d, k
Dysphoria/Mood Reduction
In the presence of an opioid agonist:
Rapid reversal of opioid effect
Induction of withdrawal
Without the presence of an opioid agonist:
There is only a low amount of endogenous opioid released normally in the body, so unless there is exogenous opioid present, an antagonist has little effect except dysphoria and mood reduction
Increase Opioid*
Antitussive Sedation Euphoria Reward/addiction Analgesia Vomiting/nausea Miosis (pupil contraction) Constipation Vasodilation Respiratory depression
Decrease Cannabinoid*
CANNABINOID RECEPTORS: CB1, CB2
Nausea, Vomiting Appetite suppressant Reduced insulin release - - - Pro- Anxiety Depression
