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PT3001: Introduction to Pharmacology > Neurotransmission & ANS Pharmacology I: Neurotransmission & Drug Targets in the ANS > Flashcards

Neurotransmission & ANS Pharmacology I: Neurotransmission & Drug Targets in the ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Where do Sympathetic nerves in the ANS originate?

A

Thoracic area of spine

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2
Q

Do Sympathetic nerves of the ANS have long or short PRE-GANGLIONIC neurons?

A

Short

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3
Q

Where do Parasympathetic nerves in the ANS originate?

A
  • Cranial nerves
  • Lumbar / Sacral areas of spine
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4
Q

Do Parasympathetic nerves of the ANS have long or short PRE-GANGLIONIC neurons?

A

Long

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5
Q

Which of the ANS nerve type synapses directly into the wall of an organ or tissue?

A

Parasympathetic

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6
Q

What functions do the Parasympathetic nerves control?

A
  • Salivation
  • Lacrimation
  • Urination
  • Digestion
  • Defecation

SLUDD

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7
Q

Is the Parasympathetic system anabolic or catabolic?

A

Anabolic
* conserves and stores energy

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8
Q

What response is controlled by the Sympathetic nerves?

A

Fight or Flight

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9
Q

Is the Sympathetic system anabolic or catabolic?

A

Catabolic
* mobilises energy, raises blood pressure, body temperature, dilate airways etc

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10
Q

What are the TWO main neurotransmitters in the ANS?

A
  1. ACh
  2. Noradrenaline
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11
Q

What is the general sequence of events for neurotransmitters?

A
  1. Synthesis
  2. Storage Release
  3. Recognition
  4. Metabolism / Reuptake
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12
Q

What are the the steps in Cholinergic transmission?

A
  1. Choline (re)uptake
  2. ACh synthesis in cytosol
  3. ACh accumulation into synaptic vesicles
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13
Q

Which transport protein drives Choline (re)uptake in Cholinergic neurotransmission?

A

Na+ driven Symporter

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14
Q

Which enzyme synthesises ACh?

A

Choline Acetyltransferase

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15
Q

Which transport protein drives ACh into synaptic vesicles in Cholinergic neurotransmission?

A

H+ driven Antiporter

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16
Q

Where are nACh receptors located?

A
  • Autonomic ganglia
  • Adrenal medulla
  • Neuromuscular junction
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17
Q

Where are mACh receptors located?

A

Autonomic effector cells

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18
Q

What are the THREE subtypes of Muscarinic receptors?

A
  • M1 - neural
  • M2 - cardiac
  • M3 - glandular
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19
Q

What is the mechanism of nACh receptors?

A

Open cation channels that leads to membrane depolarisation

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20
Q

What type of transmission are nACh receptors involved in?

A
  • Neuromuscular
  • Ganglionic
21
Q

What is the mechanism of the M1 muscarinic receptor?

A
  • INCREASE in IP3 and DAG
  • Excitation
22
Q

What is the mechanism of the M2 muscarinic receptor?

A
  • DECREASE in cAMP
  • Inhibition
23
Q

What is the mechanism of the M3 muscarinic receptor?

A
  • INCREASE in IP3 and DAG
  • Excitation
24
Q

Where are Muscle Type Nicotinic receptors located?

A

Skeletal NMJ

25
How do Muscle Type Nicotinic receptors work?
Membrane depolarisation via Na+ channel opening, leading to NMJ transmission
26
Where are Neuronal Type Nicotinic receptors located?
Autonomic ganglia
27
How do Neuronal Type Nicotinic receptors work?
Open fast Na+ channels, leading to ganglion transmission
28
What are THREE Agonists of Muscle Type Nicotinic recptors?
1. ACh 2. Suxamethonium 3. Decamethonium
29
What are TWO Antagonists of Muscle Type Nicotinic recptors?
1. Vecuronium 2. Pancuronium
30
What are THREE Agonists of Neuronal Type Nicotinic recptors?
1. ACh 2. Nicotine 3. Epibatidine
31
What are TWO Antagonists of Neuronal Type Nicotinic recptors?
1. Trimetaphan 2. Hexamethonium
32
Which amino acid does Acetylcholine Esterase act on?
Serine
33
What are the THREE hydrolysis products of Acetylcholine Esterase?
1. Choline 2. Acetic Acid 3. Regenerated Enzyme
34
What are the molecules transformed in the synthesis of Adrenaline?
* Tyrosine * DOPA * Dopamine * Noradrenaline * Adrenaline
35
What enzyme converts Tyrosine to DOPA?
Tyrosine Hydroxylase
36
What enzyme converts DOPA to Dopamine?
DOPA Decarboxylase
37
What enzyme converts Dopamine to Noradrenaline?
Dopamine β-hydroxylase
38
What enzyme converts Noradrenaline to Adrenaline?
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
39
Which drugs block the reuptake of of noradrenaline into presynaptic cells?
* Cocaine * Tricyclic antidepressants
40
Which Adrenoceptors act in the heart, intestine, and smooth muscle, and which secondary messenger do they modulate?
* β1 * INCREASE cAMP
41
Which Adrenoceptors act in the bronchial, vascular, and uterine smooth muscles, and which secondary messenger do they modulate?
* β2 * INCREASE cAMP
42
Which Adrenoceptors act in the postsynaptic cell, and which secondary messenger do they modulate?
* α1 * INCREASE IP3 / DAG
43
Which Adrenoceptors act in the presynaptic cell, and which secondary messenger do they modulate?
* α2 * DECREASE cAMP
44
How are Adrenoceptors activated (agonised)?
By noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine (catecholamines)
45
What are the FOUR major effects mediated by the α1 Adrenoceptor?
1. Vasoconstriction 2. Relaxation of GI smooth muscle 3. Salivary secretion 4. Hepatic glycogenolysis
46
What are the FOUR major effects mediated by the α2 Adrenoceptor?
1. Inhibition of transmitter release (NA & ACh) 2. Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle contraction 3. Inhibition of insulin release 4. Inhibition of platelet aggregation
47
What are the TWO major effects mediated by the β1 Adrenoceptor?
1. Increased cardiac rate 2. Increased force
48
What are the FIVE major effects mediated by the β2 Adrenoceptor?
1. Bronchodilation 2. Vasodilation 3. Relaxation of visceral smooth muscle 4. Muscle tremor 5. Hepatic glycogenolysis

PT3001: Introduction to Pharmacology (18 decks)

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