Neurotransmission Flashcards
What is a voltage gated ion channel
Need a change in membrane potential to open channel
What is ligand gated ion channels
Need a ligand eg neurotransmitter to bind to channel to open
What do dendrites receive
in put signals leading to depolarisation of hyper polarisation
What do axons receive
Propagate out put signals - action potentials
What is the synapse
it is a junction between one neutron and the next cell. they are specialised structure at which electrical impulse is converted to a chemical signal for communication
What happens at excitatory synapses
The neurotransmitter depolarise the postsynaptic membrane
- ACh opens up ligand gated sodium channels this allowing an influx of sodium ions which reducing the membrane potential
What are graded potentials
Local changes in membrane potential not reaching threshold and die out over short distances
What is the refractory period
is the period when a further stimulus applied to the neutron will not trigger another action potential
What Happens at inhibitory synapse
Neurotransmitter hyper polarises the postsynaptic membrane
Gaba opens up cl channel
entry of negative charged chloride ions increases membrane potential
Ways to classify neurons - shape
Bi polar neurons vs multi polar neurons
depends on the number of projections from cell body
Ways to classify neurones - towards or from CNS
Neurones that transmits information towards the CNS are afferent
Neurones that transmits information from the CNS are efferent
What are sensory nerves
Send information to the CNS about the internal and external environment
what are motor nerves
control the activity of the body by controlling muscle and gland functions
what is neuromuscular junction
synapses between nerve and muscle cells
