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CORE SURG > Neurosurg > Flashcards

Neurosurg Flashcards

1
Q

Brain tumours in adults are usually…

A

supratentorial

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2
Q

Brain tumours in children are usually…

A

infratentorial

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3
Q

what blood markers may be positive in germ cell brain tumours?

A

bHCG and alphafetoprotein

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4
Q

prognosis of pilocytic astrocytoma?

A

curable

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5
Q

prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme?

A

9-12 mo

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6
Q

most common location for an oligodendroglioma

A

frontal lobe

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7
Q

common first presentation for oligodendroglioma?

A

seizure

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8
Q

where is the site of an ependymoma?

A

floor of 4th ventricle - arises from ependymal cells

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9
Q

presentation of an acoustic neuroma?

A

hearing loss, tinnitus, dysequillibrium

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10
Q

which population gets neuronal tumours? (ganglioma, medulloblastoma, neuroma)

A

children

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11
Q

presentation of neuronal tumours?

A

obstructive hydrocephalus and cerebellar signs

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12
Q

why do clots occur in 20-30% of patients with brain tumours?

A

-thromboplastin is released when the brain is injured

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13
Q

ICP should be less than ___ mmHg

A

15

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14
Q

what is cushing triad

A

hypertension, irregular breathing, bradycardia

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15
Q

what are the layers of the scalp?

A

Skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose areolar tissue, periosteum

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16
Q

which layer of the scalp are the blood vessels in?

A

loose areolar tissue

17
Q

initial imaging following head injury?

A

non contrast CT

18
Q

what type of saline can be administered to decrease ICP ?

A

hypertonic

19
Q

which type of cranial bleed does not cross suture lines?

A

epidural bleed

20
Q

treatment of an epidural bleed?

A
  • craniotomy and evacuation of hematoma

- coagulate bleeding vessel

21
Q

which vessels are bleeding in a subdural bleed?

A

bridging veins

22
Q

will a subdural bleed cross suture lines ?

A

yes

23
Q

risk factors for subdural bleed?

A
  • elderly
  • alcoholics
  • anticoagulation
24
Q

treatment of subdural bleed?

A

DEPENDS on size.
Small - conservative
Large - catheter or craniotomy

25
Q

investgiations for subarachnoid hemorhage?

A
  • non contract CT
  • Lumbar puncture - xanthochromia
  • CT angiogram
  • cerebral formal angiography
26
Q

where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1/L2

27
Q

roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

28
Q

what is an UNSTABLE vertebral injury?

A

when 2 or more of the vertebral columns are disrupted OR 50% loss in vertebral height - implies more damage could occur

29
Q

what is a “complete” neurological injury?

A

-when there is no motor or sensory function more than 3 segments below the injury’

30
Q

what is an ‘incomplete’ neurological injury?

A

preservation of sacral function, toe flexion, sphinctor contraction

31
Q

MRC grading for strength

A

0 - no active contraction
1- flicker of contraction
2- contraction producing movement if gravity is eliminated
3- weak contraction and movement against gravity
4-active movement against some resistance
5-full resistance, full strenght

32
Q

which deficits occur in anterior cord syndrome?

A
  • complete paralysis
  • loss of light touch and pain
  • DORSAL COLUMNS PRESERVED
33
Q

what may lead to anterior cord syndrome?

A

burst fracture

34
Q

what deficits occur in central cord syndrome?

A
  • upper limbs affected more than lower limbs

- motor loss and sometimes sensory

35
Q

what kind of injury causes central cord syndrome?

A

hyperextension injury

36
Q

presentation of posterior cord syndrome?

A

loss of vibration, proprioception

37
Q

presentation of brown sequard syndrome?

A
  • ipsilateral motor loss

- contralateral sensory loss

38
Q

presentaiton of cauda equina syndrome?

A
  • bladder dysfunction
  • lower limb paralysis
  • sensory changes
  • saddle anesthesia

CORE SURG (14 decks)

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