Neuroscience Chapter 1

Question 1

Gray matter consists of:

Answer 1

cell bodies of neurons as well as neuroglia.

Question 2

White matter consists of:

Answer 2

the axons of neurons as well as neuroglial cells.

Question 3

The brainstem consists of (3):

Answer 3

a medulla, pons, and midbrain.

Question 4

The diencephalon consists of (4):

Answer 4

a thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus.

Question 5

The cerebrum consists of (2):

Answer 5

includes the cerebral cortex and subcortical nuclei (basal ganglia).

Question 6

The PNS is composed of:

Answer 6

31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves (10 attach to the brainstem).

Question 7

The somatic nervous system:

Answer 7

innervates structures of the body wall such as voluntary muscle.

Question 8

The autonomic nervous system:

Answer 8

innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands through its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Question 9

The four ventricles are:

Answer 9

the left and right lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle.

Question 10

The __________ connects the two lateral ventricles with the third ventricle

Answer 10

interventricular foramina

Question 11

The __________ connects the third and fourth ventricles

Answer 11

cerebral aqueduct

Question 12

__________ refers to certain collections of cell bodies or nuclei, specifically those located in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 12

ganglion

Question 13

__________ therm that is applied to nerv cell bodies in the spinal cord that extend over multiple levels of the spinal cord

Answer 13

cell column

Question 14

A __________ represents a collection of many axons, gathered together in a discrete portion of the white matter ,that have the same origin, termination, and function.

Answer 14

tract

Question 15

_________ when the origin and termination of the crossing axons are in equivalent areas on the opposite sides of the midline plane

Answer 15

commissure

Question 16

_________ when the axons that cross the midline plane have an origin on one side of the CNS that is different from its termination on the opposite side

Answer 16

decussation

Question 17

__________ focuses on the processes that lead to the normal shape of the adult nervous system

Answer 17

morphogenesis

Question 18

__________ concerns the processes by which nervous tissue cells proliferate and develop their form, chemical composition, arrangement (migration), and connections

Answer 18

histogenesis

Question 19

The neurotrophins are a family of small proteins that include:

Answer 19

nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophic factor-3, and neurotrophic factor -4/5

Question 20

The first stage of embryonic development involving the formation of the three germ layers and notochord

Answer 20

gastrulation

Question 21

__________ the origin of nervous tissue and its associated structures

Answer 21

the ectoderm

Question 22

__________ migrate cranially from their origin to form a median cellular cord (notochord)

Answer 22

mesenchymal cells

Question 23

Neurulation results in the formation of:

Answer 23

the neural tube

Question 24

The anterior neuropore closes on about the 25th day and the zone of closure becomes:

Answer 24

the lamina terminalis

Question 25

The process of __________ begins with the formation of three primary brain vesicles (procencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon)

Answer 25

vesiculation

Question 26

The ventricular system is derived from:

Answer 26

the lumen of the neural tube