Neuroscience and pharmacology Flashcards
what is the neuron?
the basic functional unit of the nervous system
What are the functions of nervous system?
1- process information
2- sense environmental changes
3- communicate changes to another neuron
4- commad body response
Neurones communicate using?
1- chemical signals
2- electrical signals
What does the typical neuron composed of ?
1- Soma
2- Dendrites
3- Axon
What does soma composed of?
1- Cytosol
2- Cytoplasm
3- Orgnalles
What is the Cytosol?
watery fluid inside the cell
What are the organelles that Soma made of ?
1- Nucleus
2- Mitochondria
3- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
4- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
5- Golgi Apparatus
What is the function of Nucleus?
1- Gene expression
2- RNA processing
3- transcription
What is the functions of Mitochondria?
1- ATP energy
2- Krebs cycle
3- Site of cellular respiration
What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Major site for protein synthesis
What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi Apparatus
Sites for preparing/sorting proteins for delivery to different cell regions (trafficking) and regulating substances
What is the function of Cytoplasm? and what Cytoplasm made of ?
1- Cytoplasm Contents within a cell membrane
2- neuronal membrane
3- Cytoskeleton
What is neuronal membrane and what is the function ?
1- structure of discrete membrane regions influence neuronal function
2- Barrier that encloses cytoplasm
3- protein concentration in membrane varies
4- 5 nm think
What is Cytoskeleton and what it is function?
1- not static
2- constantly changing
2- internal scaffolding of neuronal membrane
What are the three bones of Cytoskeleton?
1- Microfilament
2- Microtubules
3- neurofilament
What is the function of the Axon?
Responsible of sending information from one neuron to the next
What is the structure of axon?
1- hillock the beginning
2- proper the middle
3- terminal the end
what are the difference between axon and soma?
1- Endoplasmic Reticular ER not extend into axon
2- Unique protein compositions
The the difference between the Cytoplasm of axon terminal and axon?
1- presence of synaptic vesicles
2- Abundance of membrane proteins
3- large number of mitochondria
What is the synapse?
Point of communication between neurons
The axon terminal called as
presynaptic location of neuron
Types of synapse?
1- Chemical synapses
2- Electrical synapses
What is the afferent axon?
Carry information towards a particular point
What is the efferent axon?
Carry information away from a point
