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MCQ Preparation > Neuroscience > Flashcards

Neuroscience Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

Olfactory
Sensory
Origin: Telecephalon
Nuclei: Anterior olfactory nucleus

Function: Transmits the sense of smell from the nasal cavity.

Located in olfactory foraminifera in the cribriform plate of ethmoid

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2
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

Optic
Sensory
Origin: Diencephalon
Nuclei: Ganglion cells of retina

Function: Transmits visual signals from the retina of the eye to the brain.

Located in the optic canal

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3
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Oculomotor
Motor
Origin: Anterior aspect of midbrain
Nuclei: Oculomotos nucleus, Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Function: Innervates the elevator palpebrae superiors, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique. Also innervates the sphincter papillae

Located in the superior orbital fissure

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4
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochlear
Motor
Origin: Dorsal aspect of midbrain
Nuclei: Truchlear nucleus

Function: Innervates superior oblique which depresses, rotates laterally and intorts the eyeball

Located in the superior orbital fissure

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5
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigeminal
Both
Origin: Pons
Nuclei: Principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, trigeminal motor nucleus

Function: Innervates the muscles of mastication

Located in the superior orbital fissure (V1 -opthalmic); foramen rotunda (V2-maxillary); foramen vale (V3 - mandibular)

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6
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens
Motor
Origin: Anterior margin of pons
Nuclei: Abducens nucleus

Function: Innervates Lateral Rectus which abducts the eye

Located in superior orbital fissure

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7
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial
Both
Origin: Pons cerebellopontine angle
Nuclei: Facial nucleus solitary nucleus, superior salivary nucleus

Function: Provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of the digastric muscle and strapedius muscle.
Receives taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Provides secretomotor innervation of the salivary glands (excepts parotid) and lacrimal gland

Located in and rungs through the internal acoustic canal to the facial canal and exists at the stylomastoid foramen

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8
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear
Sensory
Origin: Cerebellopontine angle
Nuclei: Vestibular nuclei, cochlear nuclei

Function: Senses sound, rotation and gravity.
Carries impulses for equilibrium and hearing

Located in the internal acoustic canal

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9
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal
Both
Origin: Medulla
Nuclei: Nucleus ambiguus, inferior salivary nucleus, solitary nucleus

Function: Taste from posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
Secretormotor innervation of the parotid gland. Innervation of the stylopharyngeus

Located in the jugular foramen

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10
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

Vagus
Both
Origin: Medulla - posterolateral sulcus
Nuclei: Nucleus ambiguus, Dorsal motor vagal nucleus, solitary nucleus

Function: Branciomotor innervation to most laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles (except stylopharyngeus)
Provides parasympathetic fibres to thoracic and abdominal viscera down to the splenic flexure
Taste from epiglottis
Controls muscles for voice and soft palate
Symptoms of damage: Dysphagia, velopharyngeal insufficiency

Located in jugular foramen

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11
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

Accessory
Motor
Origin: Cranial and spinal roots
Nuclei: Nucleus ambiguus, spinal accessory nucleus

Function: Controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Symptoms of damage: inability to shrug, weak head movement

Located in jugular foramen

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12
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal
Motor
Origin: Medulla
Nuclei: Hypoglossal nucleus

Function: Motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue (except palatoglossus)
Important for swallowing and speech articular

Located in the hypoglossal canal

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13
Q

Cranial nerve best associated with temporal hemanopia

A

Optic

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14
Q

Cranial nerve best associated with failure of downward gaze during adduction

A

Trochlear

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15
Q

Cranial nerve best associated with the eye deviation towards the nose

A

Abducens

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16
Q

Cranial nerve best associated with paralysis of the eyelid

A

Oculomotor

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17
Q

Cranial nerve best associated with loss of taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal

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18
Q

Cranial nerve best associated with a positive Weber’s test

A

Vestibulocochlear

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19
Q

Cranial nerve best associated with deviation of the uvula when the patient says “Aaah”

A

Vagus

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20
Q

Cranial nerve innervating almost all muscles of the tongue

A

Hypoglossal

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21
Q

Cranial nerve innervating mylohyoid (muscle running from the mandible to the hyoid bone forming the floor of the oral cavity of the mouth)

A

Trigeminal

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22
Q

Cranial nerve innervating the Lateral Rectus

A

Abducens

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23
Q

Cranial nerve innervating the Platysma (A broad sheet of muscle fibres extending from the clavicle bone to the angle of the jaw)

A

Facial

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24
Q

Cranial nerve innervating the elevator palpebrae superioris

A

Oculomotor

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25
Q

Cranial nerve innervating the retinal ganglion layer

A

Optic

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26
Q

Cranial nerve innervating the gingivae

A

Trigeminal

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27
Q

Cranial nerve innervating the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

Facial

28
Q

Cranial nerve innervating the pharynx

A

Vagus

29
Q

Alien Hand Syndrome

Also known as Dr Strangelove Syndrome

or anarchic hand

A

Person’s hand takes on a mind of its own

People are generally aware that they own the limb, but don’t have control over what it does

Associated with lesions in the corpus callous, frontal lobe, occipital and parietal lobes - particularly infarctions
Also cortiobasal degeneration

To determine the difference between cause: frontal lobe - instinctive attraction . parietal and occiptal - instinctive avoidance

30
Q

Neuroacanthocytosis

A

A group of genetically diverse conditions complicated by movement disorders, neurological problems and speculated (misshapen) red blood cells.

Symptoms incude:

  • involuntary or slow movements
  • posture and skeletal related abnormalities
  • weakness
  • cognitive impairment
  • psychiatric symptoms

Hereditary, but extremely rare

31
Q

Kuf’s Disease

A

One of the many lysosomal storage diseases

A Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCL)
NCLs as a group occur in 2-4/100,000 births and Kuf’s accounts for 1.3-10% of NCLs

Type A: Seizures, uncontrollable myoclonic jerks, dementia, ataxia, tremors, tics, and dysarthria

Type B: As Type A except no dementia or dysarthria

32
Q

Argyll Robertson Pupil

A

Neurosyphilis

33
Q

Corticobasal degerneration

A

Alien Hand

34
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Subacute combined cord degeneration

Ataxia

35
Q

Frontal lobe dementia

A

Fasculation

36
Q

This condition came to the attention of the public in the film ‘Lorenzo’s Oil’, Clinically it is associated with the accumulation of very long chain fatty acids in the tissues including the brain.
The child-hood and adult onset forms are both sex-linked occurring only in males

A

Adrenoleucodystrophy

37
Q

The diagnosis depends on showing diminished arysulphate A activity in WBCs, serum and urine, and demonstration of excessive sulphated in the urine

A

Metachromatic leucodystrophy

38
Q

Associated with evidence of malabsorption or anaemia. Definitive diagnosis depends on the demonstration of periodic-acid=Schiff (PAS) positive material in macrophages which can almost always be revealed by duodenal biopsy

A

Whipple’s disease

39
Q

Associated with neurodegeneration and the accumulation of iron in the brain. 50% of cases begin before the age of 10, but the condition can appear as late as 64 yoa. There is sometimes an early change of personality with depression and outbursts of aggression. Intellectual deterioration then gradually develops along with motor manifestations often progressing to mutism

A

Hallervorden-Spatz Syndrome

40
Q

The cause of dementia which is best associated with Parkinsonism

A

Lewy Body Dementia

41
Q

The cause of dementia which is best associated with primitive reflexes

A

Frontotemporal dementia

42
Q

The cause of demential best associated with Myoclonus

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

43
Q

The cause of dementia which is best associated with Choreoathetoid movements

A

Huntington’s disease

44
Q

Genetics regarding Down Syndrome

A

Trisomy 21

45
Q

Inheritance of San Filippo Syndrome

A

Autosomal recessive

46
Q

Inheritance of Tuberose Sclerosis

A

Autosomal dominant

47
Q

Inheritance of Phenylketonuria

A

Autosomal recessive

48
Q

The hypothalamus and hormonal regulation

Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)

A

A hypothalamic hormone that is stimulatory

49
Q

The hypothalamus and hormonal regulation

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A

Not a hypothalamic hormone

50
Q

The hypothalamus and hormonal regulation

Dopamine

A

A hypothalamic hormone that is inhibitory

51
Q 
The hypothalamus and hormonal regulation
Arginine vasopressin (AVP)
A

A hypothalamic hormone that is stimulatory

52
Q

The hypothalamus and hormonal regulation
Lutenizing hormone releasing hormone/Gonadotropin releasing hormone
(LNRH/GnRH)

A

A hypothalamic hormone that is stimulatory

53
Q

The hypothalamus and hormonal regulation Somatostatin/Growth Hormone Inhibiting hormone

A

A hypothalamic hormone that is inhibitory

54
Q

The site of oxidative phosphorylation

A

Electron Transport Chain

in mitochondria

55
Q

The site of protein biosynthesis

A

Ribosome - Nissl body

56
Q

The site of glycosylation and phosphorylation, and the biosynthesis of proteoglycans and carbohydrates

A

Golgi apparatus

57
Q

Contains non-metabolizable remnants of lysosomal digestion

A

Lipofuscin granule

58
Q

The cranial Fossae

Foramen Magmum

A

Posterior cranial fossa

59
Q

The cranial Fossae

Internal Acoustic Meatus

A

Posterior cranial fossa

60
Q

The cranial Fossae

Foramen Spinosum

A

Middle cranial fossa

61
Q

The cranial Fossae

Ethmoid Bone

A

Anterior cranial fossa

62
Q

The cranial Fossae

Foramen Ovale

A

Middle cranial fossa

63
Q

Site of transcription of mRNA by RNA pol I

A

Nucleosus

64
Q

The hypothalamus and hormonal regulation

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)

A

A hypothalamic hormone that is stimulatory

65
Q

Anterior fossa

A 
Groove for superior sagittal sinus 
Grooves for anterior meningeal vessel 
Foramen caecum 
Crista galli 
Slit and groove for nasociliary nerve 
Anterior ethamoidal foramen 
Orives for olfactory nerves 
Posterior ethmoidal foramen 
Ethmoidal spine 
Orbital plate of frontal bone
66
Q

Middle Fossa

A 
Olfactory crosses 
Optic foramen 
Chiasmatic groove 
Tuberculum sell 
Anterior clinoid process 
Posterior crinoid process 
Foramen ovale 
Superior orbital fissure
Sphenoid bone 
Temporal bone
67
Q

Posterior Fossa

A 
Internal acoustic meatus 
Slit for dura mater 
Grove for superior petrosal sinus 
Jugular foramen 
Hypoglossal canal 
Acueductos vestibuli 
Condyloid foramen 
Mastoid foramen 
Foramen magmum 
Posterior meningeal grooves 
Occipital bone

MCQ Preparation (4 decks)

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