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Stage 1 Psychology Exam Revision > Neuropsychology > Flashcards

Neuropsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Central Nervous System (CNS) composed of?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What does the CNS usually do?

A

Transmits and receives messages to and from the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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3
Q

What is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) divided into?

A

It is divided into the Somatic Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

A

It carries messages to and from the CNS (Central Nervous System)

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5
Q

What does the Nervous System consist of?

A

The Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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6
Q

What is Broca’s Aphasia?

A

The inability to verbalise, find and say the right words

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7
Q

What is Wernicke’s Aphasia?

A

A language disorder which makes it difficult to understand both written and spoken language.

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8
Q

What are the right-brain functions for localisation?

A

Art awareness, creativity, imagination, intuition, insight, holistic thought, music awareness, 3D forms and left hand control.

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9
Q

What are the left-brain functions for localisation?

A

Analytic thought, logic, language, reasoning, science and math, written, number skills and right hand control.

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10
Q

True or false: A massive 75% of the brain is made up of water.

A

True

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11
Q

Where in the brain is the Limbic System located?

A

In the middle surface of the temporal lobe.

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12
Q

What is the Limbic System composed of?

A

Composed of three parts: The Olfactory cortex (sense of smell), the Amygdala (feelings of fear) and the Hippocampus (memory or things we know)

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13
Q

What is the role of the Brain Stem?

A

It delivers messages from one side of the brain to the other.

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14
Q

Where is the Brain Stem located?

A

It is located at the base of the brain.

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15
Q

What does the Brain Stem act like?

A

The brain stem acts as a relay station which means it passes messages back and forth between various parts of the body and the rest of the brain.

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16
Q

What are neurons composed of?

A

All neurons are composed of dendrites, a soma (cell body) and an axon.

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17
Q

What are the two different types of brain and spinal cord matter do neurons form?

A

Grey matter and white matter

18
Q

What is the grey matter’s role?

A

Grey matter is where interactions among neurons occur.

19
Q

What is grey matter composed of?

A

Dendrites and cell bodies (somas)

20
Q

What is the role of white matter?

A

It specialises the communication between the brain, spinal cord and the rest of the body.

21
Q

What is the white matter composed of?

A

It is composed of bundles of axons that connect areas of grey matter.

22
Q

Name the four types of neurons.

A

Motor Neurons, Inter Neurons, Sensory Neurons and Principal Neurons.

23
Q

What is the role of Motor Neurons?

A

It controls activity of the skeletal muscles, smooths muscles and glands (which are involved in the action taken - from brain to muscle/gland)

24
Q

What is the role of Inter Neurons?

A

They provide connections between other neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It connects sensory and motor neurons.

25
Q

What is the role of Sensory Neurons?

A

They are responsible from carrying information from sensory organs to the brain/spinal cord.

26
Q

What is the role of Principal Neurons?

A

They are found in the brain and send their axons to other regions of the brain.

27
Q

True or False: Communication between neurons can only go one direction.

A

True

28
Q

What is the Limbic System?

A

The limbic system is the centre of our emotions, and controls appetite, sleep patterns and motivation.

29
Q

What is the olfactory cortex responsible for?

A

Sense of smell

30
Q

What is the Amygdala responsible for?

A

Feelings of fear

31
Q

What is the Hippocampus responsible for?

A

Memory and things we know (such as facts, names etc.)

32
Q

Where does a nerve impulse begin in a neuron?

A

A nerve impulse begins at the dendrite.

33
Q

What pathway does a nerve impulse follow through a neuron?

A

The impulse travels from the dendrite, through the cell body, and along the axon to the terminal.

34
Q

What are neurotransmitters, and what do they do?

A

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released by the axon terminal that travel across the synapse to the neighbouring neuron’s dendrite, triggering a new nerve impulse.

35
Q

What is the synapse?

A

The synapse is the gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of the neighbouring neuron.

36
Q

How do neurons communicate with each other if they do not touch?

A

Neurons communicate through neurotransmitters, which carry signals across the synapse.

37
Q

What role do receptors on dendrites play in neuron communication?

A

Receptors on dendrites bind with neurotransmitters, triggering a nerve impulse in the neighbouring neuron.

38
Q

How can neurotransmitters affect the neighbouring neuron?

A

Neurotransmitters can either excite (stimulate) or inhibit (prevent) a nerve impulse in the neighbouring neuron.

39
Q

What happens after a neurotransmitter trigger a nerve impulse in the neighbouring neuron?

A

The process begins again, with the nerve impulse traveling though the new neuron.

40
Q

Why are neurotransmitters important in the nervous system?

A

Neurotransmitters are essential for communication between neurons, allowing the nervous system to function properly.

Stage 1 Psychology Exam Revision (3 decks)

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