Neuropsychological and Psycho- Educational Testing, Learning DIsorders, and Intellectual Disability Flashcards
Intelligence Scales
Practical devise, nothing innate or permanent
Rough, empirical guide for identifying mildly retarded and learning disabled children in need of help…not for ranking normal children
Howard Gardner’s 7 Intelligences
1983
- Linguistic/Verbal
- Logical- mathematical
- musical
- bodily-kinesthetic
- spatial
- interpersonal
- intrapersonal
- naturalistic, spiritual, existential
IQ Tests
Predict Aptitude
- predict school achievement and academic intelligence
- not free from cultural influences
- descriptive not explanatory
Wechsler Scales most common
- preschool, scale for children (WISC) and Adult scale
- also Stanford Binet, Kaufman Assessment etc
Achievement Tests
Reading, Writing, and Math
- Group Administered Tests
- SAT, CAT, IOWA
- Individually Administered Tests
- WRAT, WIAT, WJR
Identify different types of neuropsychological and psycho-educational tests
Standardized Batteries (general)
Component Tests
- Motor Function
- Perception
- Visual Motor Integration
- Language (expressive vs receptive)
- Memory
- Intelligence Tests
- Academic Abilities
- Executive Functions
Identify the purpose of neuropsychological assessments
- explain intelligence and academic gap (such as homework problems, test failure, disorganization)
- cognitive functioning
- localize if there is specific damage in the brain
- recommend specific remediation and accommodation
Domains assessed with neuropsychological testing
- Intellectual functioning
- Language functioning (receptive vs expressive
- academic achievement
- reading
- decoding
- comprehension
- math
- calculations
- word problems
- writing
- handwriting
- spelling
- writing process
- reading
- attention/concentration
- auditory
- visual
- visual spatial/visual motor/ visual perceptive
- sensorimotor
- learning and memory
- verbal
- stories and lists
- visual
- faces, scenes, designs
- verbal
- executive functioning
- organization of the brain (planning, attention, time management, sustained mental effort, working memory)
- social/emotional/behavioral
- projective measures and questionnaires
IDEA
US Public Law 101-476
Individual with Disabilities Education Act
- provides for culturally relevant testing
- provides special educational services
- all children are entitles to an adequate education
- includes IEP (individual education program)
DSM diagnostic categories for learning disorders
Learning disorders now simplified into
- Reading
- decoding, comprehension
- math
- calculations, word problems
- writing
- handwriting, spelling, writing process, etc
Dyslexia
language based reading disorder
Decoding
tool that enables us to become proficient readers by breaking the word down and sounding it out
Learning Disability
must have at least an average IQ and cognitive ability
Academics are poorer than their intellectual ability would predict
whereas mental retardation is low across the board
Executive Functioning
a set of processes that all have to do with managing oneself and one’s resources in order to achieve a goal. It is an umbrella term for the neurologically-based skills involving mental control and self-regulation.
control center for the brain (like desktop on the computer)
- planning, organization , time management, self regulation, working memory
Working Memory
the capacity to hold information in the mind for the purpose of completing a task
IQ Bell Curve
100 = average
15 = standard deviation points
most people are between 85-115
if 70 or below, intellectually impaired, need for concern
Broca’s versus Wernicke’s Areas
Broca’s
- speech
- motor production
Wernicke’s:
- comprehension
Diagnostic Categories for Intellectual Disability
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Profound
Diagnostic Criteria for Intellectual Disability
Impaired IQ or impaired cognitive ability
- impaired score on a measure of adaptive functioning
Most common causes of Intellectual Disability
- Down’s Syndrome
- Fragile X Syndrome
- Alcohol Fetal Syndrome
