Neuroplasticity Flashcards
Mechanisms of neuroplasticity
Habituation Learning Synaptogenesis Change in Cortical Maps Recovery
Decrease response to repeated benign stimuli
Habituation
Describe long term potentiation
Glutamate NMDA is stimulated-> AMPA receptors bind to membrane-> Repeated binding=spine development-> Change of shape and branching of spine-> Inrease in gene expression
What does long term depression do to synaptic connectivity
Decrease
3 peripheral CT covers
Epneurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium
PNS Injuries
Neurapraxia
Axonotmesis
Neurotmesis
Demyelination with temporary conduction block
Neuropraxia
Axon damage w/ endoneural tube intact
Axonotmesis
Endoneural and perineurium disrupted
Neurotmesis
Axonal sprouting is how neuron
Regenerates
Entangled nerve sprout and schwann cells
Neuroma
Regeneration happens w/in
How much growth per month?
3-4 days
1 inch
What do schwann cells release for sprouting?
Neuronal Growth Factor
2 types of sprouting?
Collateral and regenerative
Injury of 2 or more nerves?
Multiple mononeuropathy
Examples of multiple mononeuropathy?
DM
Vasculitis
Infection
Bacterial infection
Increase in blood sugar?
DM
Inflamed blood vessel?
Vasculitis
HIV/lymes disease is an example of
Infection
Leprosy is an example of
Bacterial infection
Symmetrical lostt of sensory, motor, and ANS fibers
Polyneuropathy
Polyneuropathy occurs
Distal->proximal
Causes of Polyneuropathy?
Toxins
Metabolic disease
Autoimmune disease
Genetics
CNS injuries
Laceration Impact Pressure Circulatory Poison Degeneration Genetic Programming Excitotoxicity
Post synaptic neuron dies from excess glutamate
Excitotoxicity
Point of impact?
Rebound>?
Coup
Contre coup
CNS synaptic changes after injury
- NT production and transport change effectiveness
- Denervation hypersensitivity
- Synaptic Hypereffectiveness
- Distribution of silent synapse
Post synaptic neuron make more receptors b/c of damaged presynaptic neuron
Denervation hypersensitivity
Presynaptic loss of branches that causes increase NT production
Synaptic hypereffectiveness
Reorganize receptors on cell membrane
Disinhibition of silent synapse
Recovery of CNS is ______
It engages mechanisms that _____
Limited.
Cause death to damaged neurons
Types of recovery for CNS
Dormant paths awaken Remodeling Corollary axons New paths created Other area assumes function
CNS testing
CN test Motor control Cognition Vision Emotions Balance
Sensory homonculus disorganization
Dystonia
Dentate gyrus making new cell
Neurogenesis
Use of muscle electric signal to power prosthetic
Myoelectric prostetics
Regeneration of neurons happens in
Hippocampus and striate
What develop and guide axons where they need to go?
Neurotropic factors
