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PHYSIOLOGY > NEUROPHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

NEUROPHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

0
Q

produces CSF

A

ependymal cells

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1
Q

more numerous: neurons or glial cells?

A

Glial cells 10:1 ratio

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2
Q

macrophage of the brain

A

microglia

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3
Q

regulate ECF ion levels, provide mechanical support, part of BBB

A

Astrocyte

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4
Q

creates myelin in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

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5
Q

creates myelin in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

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6
Q

brain tumors from non-mature neurons

A

neuroblastoma

retinoblastoma

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7
Q

receiving portion of the neuron

A

dendrites, cell body

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8
Q

where action potential is initiated

A

axon hillock

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9
Q

function of myelin sheath

A

insulator

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10
Q

unmyelinated portions if the axon

A

nodes of ranvier

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11
Q

branches of the axons

A

neural fibrils

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12
Q

terminal portion of a neural fibril that contains NT containing vesicles

A

axon terminal boutons or end feet

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13
Q

space between two neurons

A

synapse

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14
Q

Which proteins are responsible for anterograde and retrograde transport

A

anterograde: kinesin
retrograde: dynein

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15
Q

Diseases utilizing retrograde axonal transport

A

tetanus

botulism

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16
Q

What do you call the death of axon distal to the site of injury after an axon is transected

A

Anterograde/orthograde degeneration

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17
Q

What do you call the changes to the soma after an axon is transected?

A

axonal reaction or chromatolysis

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18
Q

Axonal regeneration occurs better in the CNS or PNS?

A

PNS

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19
Q

where is dopamine found?

A

substantia nigra pars compacta

ventral tegmental area

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20
Q

dopamine deficiency

A

Parkinsons disease

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21
Q

Dopamine excess

A

Schizophrenia

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22
Q

Where is norepinephrine secreted

A

Locus ceruleus in the pons

iLOCUs NORte
LOCUS ceruleus=NORepinephrine

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23
Q

produce by adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine

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24
Q

Where is serotonin secreted?

A

median raphe of the brain stem

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25
Q

histamine location

A

tuberomamillary nucleus of the hypothalamus

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26
Q

glycine location

increases chloride influx

A

spinal interneurons

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27
Q

the number 1 INHIBITORY neurotransmitter in the brain

comes from GLUTAMATE

A

GABA

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28
Q

increases chloride influx

A

GABA A

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29
Q

increases potassium efflux

A

GABA B

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30
Q

inhibits nerons in the brain involved in the perception of pain

A

enkephalins
endorphins
dynorphins

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31
Q

involved in pain transmission

A

substance P

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32
Q

neurotransmitter deficient in Alzheimers dse

A

Acetylcholine

33
Q

making the membrane potential less negative

A

depolarization

34
Q

making the membrane potential more negative

A

hyperpolarization

35
Q

positive charges flowing into the cell

A

inward current

36
Q

positive charges flowing out of the cell

A

outward current

37
Q

membrane potential in which occurence of AP is inevitable

A

Threshold

38
Q

portion of the AP where membrane potential is positive

A

overshoot

39
Q

portion of the AP where membrane potential is more negative than RMP

A

undershoot/hyperpolarizing afterpotential

40
Q

period in which New AP cannot be elicited

A

refractory period

41
Q

Give examples of sodium channel blockers of neurons

A

teradoxin

saxitoxin

42
Q

Give an example of potassium channel blocker of neurons

A

tetraethylammonium

43
Q

What stimulates nerve depolarization in the 1st place

A

mechanical disturbance

chemicals electricity

44
Q

synaptic inputs that depolarize the post synaptic cell

A

excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP)

45
Q

synaptic inputs that hyperpolarize the post synaptic cell

A

Inhibitory post synptic potential(IPSP)

46
Q

two or more pre synaptic inputs arrive at post synaptic cell simultaneously

A

spatial summation

47
Q

two or more presynaptic inputs arrive at post synaptic cell simultaneously

A

spatial summation

48
Q

two or more presynaptic inputs arrive at post synaptic cell in rapid succession

A

temporal summation

49
Q

repeAted stimulation causes response of post synaptic cell in rapid succession

A

temporal summation

50
Q

repeated stimulation causes response of postsynaptic cell to be greater than expected

A

nerve facilitation

51
Q

increased released of NT and increases sensitivity to the NT

A

long term potentiation (involved in memory)

52
Q

repeated stimulation causes decreased reaponse of post synaptic cell

A

synaptic fatigue due to depletion of NT stores

53
Q

vasomotor center, respiratory center (DRG,VRG) swallowing, coughing and vomiting centers

A

medulla

54
Q

micturition center, pneumotaxix, apneustic centers

A

pons

55
Q

relay center for almost all sensationa

A

thalamus

56
Q

contributes to balance

A

cerebellum

57
Q

connects the two brain hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

anterior commissure

58
Q

motor, personality, calculation

A

frontal lobe

59
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

parietal lobe

60
Q

vision

A

occipital lobe

61
Q

hearing, vestibular processing, recognition of faces, optic pathway(meyers loop)

A

temporal lobe

62
Q

plans and creates motor pattern for speech

A

Brocas speech

63
Q

behavior, emotions, motivation

A

limbic association area

64
Q

hippocampal lesions will

cause

A

Anterograde amnesia

65
Q

thalamic lesions will cause

A

retrograde amnesia

66
Q

production of oxytocin

A

paraventricular nuclei

67
Q

production of vasopressin

A

supraoptic nuclei

68
Q

satiety center

A

ventromedial nuclei

69
Q

hunger center

A

lateral nuclei

70
Q

sweating(heat release)

A

anterior hypothalamic area

71
Q

shivering (heat conservation)

A

posterior hypothalamus

72
Q

reward center

A

medial forebrain bundle

73
Q

punishment center

A

central gray area around aqueduct of sylvius

74
Q

social inhibition

A

amygdala

75
Q

clinical assesment of brainstem functions in comatose patients use which evoked potential

A

Auditory evoked potential

76
Q

ionic basis of absolute refractory period

A

no action potential occur until inactivation gates are open

77
Q

site of initiation of ap in a neuron

A

initial segment

78
Q

unmyelinated portion of the axon

A

nodes of ranvier

79
Q

causes activation of synaptic vessels

A

calcium voltage gated channels

80
Q

death of axon distal to site of injury

A

anterograde degeneration

81
Q

changes to soma after axon is transected

A

axonal rxn/ chromatolysis

PHYSIOLOGY (10 decks)

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