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General Physiology (Prelims) > Neurophysiology > Flashcards

Neurophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Segments in Cervical Spine Vertebrae

A

Cervical Nerves (C1-C8)

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2
Q

Segments in Thoracic Spine Vertebrae

A

Thoracic Nerves (T1-T12)

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3
Q

Segments in Lumbar Spine Vertebrae

A

Lumbar Nerves (L1-L5)

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4
Q

Segments in Sacrum

A

Sacral Nerves (S1-S5)

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5
Q

It is the 31st pair of spinal nerves

A

Coccygeal

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6
Q

A subdivision of your peripheral nervous system, which is all of your nervous system except your brain and spinal cord (encompassing the skeletal muscle effectors and allowing the movement and control throughout one’s body)

A

Somatic nervous system

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7
Q

a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.

A

Autonomic nervous system

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8
Q

It consists of all the nerve structures outside of the brain and spinal cord, which make up the CNS. It serves as a communication network that connects the CNS to the rest of the body

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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9
Q

Under autonomic nervous system (ANS), it is responsible for regulating involuntary physiological processes in the body, including those related to rest, digestion, and recovery.

A

Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)

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10
Q

Under autonomic nervous system (ANS), it is responsible for activating the body’s “fight or flight” response, which prepares the body to respond to perceived threats or stressful situations.

A

Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

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11
Q

Is diuresis caused by PNS or SNS action?

A

PNS

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12
Q

Is self-defense caused by PNS or SNS action?

A

SNS

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13
Q

Does having a dinner buffet involve PNS or SNS action?

A

PNS

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14
Q

Is the preparation of the body to either confront a threat or flee from it caused by PNS or SNS action?

A

SNS

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15
Q

It is the collection of neuronal bodies found in the voluntary and autonomic branches of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Ganglion

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16
Q

[SNS] Origin of preganglionic nerve: nuclei of spinal cord segments _____; _______ (thoracolumbar)

A

T1-T12; L1-L3

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17
Q

[PNS] Origin of preganglionic nerve: nuclei of cranial nerves II, VII, IX, and X; spinal cord segments ____ (craniosacral)

A

S2-S4

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18
Q

[SNS]

Length of preganglionic nerve axon:
Neurotransmitter in ganglion:
Receptor type in ganglion:
Length of postganglionic nerve axon:

A

Short
ACh
Nicotinic
Long

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19
Q

[PNS]

Length of preganglionic axon:
Neurotransmitter in ganglion:
Receptor type in ganglion:
Length of postganglionic nerve axon:

A

Long
ACh
Nicotinic
Short

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20
Q

[SNS]

Effector organs:
Neurotransmitter in effector organs:
Receptor types in effector organs:

A

smooth & cardiac muscles; glands
Norepinephrine (except sweat glands, which use ACh)
adrenoreceptors (a1, a2, b1 & b2)

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21
Q

[PNS]

Effector organs:
Neurotransmitter in effector organs:
Receptor types in effector organs:

A

smooth & cardiac muscles; glands
ACh
Muscarinic

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22
Q

Synapses between neurons are made in the ___________

A

autonomic ganglia

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23
Q

__________ is a specialized ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system.

A

Adrenal medulla

24
Q

______ cells produce the catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

A

Chromaffin

25
Q

__________ neurons release norepinephrine as the neurotransmitter.

A

Adrenergic

26
Q

_________ neurons, whether in the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system, release acetylcholine (ACh) as the neurotransmitter

A

Cholinergic

27
Q

Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurons release _________, __________, and _________.

A

substance P
vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
nitric oxide (NO)

28
Q

Receptor: a1
Location:

A

Smooth muscle

29
Q

Receptor: a2
Location:

A

GI tract

30
Q

Receptor: b1
Location:

A

heart

31
Q

Receptor: b2
Location:

A

smooth muscle

32
Q

Receptor: Nm (N1)
Location:

A

Skeletal muscle

33
Q

Receptor: Nn (N2)
Location:

A

Autonomic ganglia

34
Q

Receptor: M1
Location:

A

CNS

35
Q

Receptor: M2
Location:

A

heart

36
Q

Receptor: M3
Location:

A

Glands, smooth muscle

37
Q

Organ: Heart
↑ heart rate; ↑ contractility; ↑ AV node conduction

SNS action or PNS action?
What receptor/s?

A

SNS
b1

38
Q

Organ: Vascular smooth muscle

constricts blood vessel in skin
dilates blood vessels in skeletal muscle

SNS action or PNS action?
What receptor/s?

A

SNS
a1, b2

39
Q

Organ: GI tract

↓motility; constricts sphincters

SNS action or PNS action?
What receptor/s?

A

SNS
a1, a2, b2

40
Q

Organ: bronchioles

constricts bronchiolar muscles

SNS action or PNS action?
What receptor/s?

A

PNS
b2

41
Q

Organ: male sex organs

erection

SNS action or PNS action?
What receptor/s?

A

PNS
a

42
Q

Organ: bladder

relaxes bladder wall

SNS action or PNS action?
What receptor/s?

A

SNS
a1, b2

43
Q

Organ: sweat glands

↑sweating

SNS action or PNS action?
What receptor/s?

A

SNS
M (sympathetic cholinergic)

44
Q

Organ: eye (radial muscle, iris)

constricts pupil (miosis)

SNS action or PNS action?
What receptor/s?

A

PNS
a1

45
Q

Organ: eye (radial muscle, iris)

dilates pupil (mydriasis)

SNS action or PNS action?
What receptor/s?

A

SNS
a1

46
Q

Organ: kidney

↑renin secretion

SNS action or PNS action?
What receptor/s?

A

SNS
b1

47
Q

Organ: fat cells

↑lipolysis

SNS action or PNS action?
What receptor/s?

A

SNS
b1

48
Q

receptors that are activated by ACh or nicotine that also produce excitation

A

Cholinergic receptors (cholinoreceptors)

49
Q

receptors that are inhibitory in heart but are excitatory in smooth muscle and glands (activated by ACh and muscarine)

A

Muscarinic receptors

50
Q

______ surrounds the nucleus and is responsible for protein synthesis.

A

Cell body

51
Q

______ arise from the cell body and receive information from adjacent neurons.

A

Dendrites

52
Q

______ projects from the ________, where action potentials originate and send information to other neurons or muscle

A

Axon, axon hillock

53
Q

_________ function as support cells for neurons

A

Glial cells

54
Q

_______ supply metabolic fuels to neurons, secrete trophic factors, and synthesize neurotransmitters.

A

Astrocytes

55
Q

_________ synthesize myelin in the CNS (whereas __________ synthesize myelin in the PNS).

A

Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells

56
Q

________ proliferate following neuronal injury and serve as scavengers for cellular debris.

A

Microglial cells

General Physiology (Prelims) (4 decks)

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