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NFB Exam > Neurophysiology > Flashcards

Neurophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

The parts of the nervous system outside the skull and spinal column are called what?

A

Peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

The central nervous system is made up of what?

A

Skull and spinal column

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3
Q

What are nerves?

A

Collections of axons bundled together that extend throughout the body

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4
Q

What is the primary function of motor nerves?

A

Transmit information from the CNS to muscles, organs, and glands

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5
Q

What is the primary function of sensory nerves?

A

Convey information from the body to the brain

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6
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Collections of nerves that connect the brain, muscles and sensory systems of the body

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7
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

Collections of nerves that primarily control the internal organs

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8
Q

What branch of the autonomic nervous system uses neuroepinephrin, increases heart rate and blood pressure and inhibits diegstion?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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9
Q

What branch of the autonomic nervous system uses acetylcholine, slows heart rate, drops blood pressure and activates digestive system?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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10
Q

What part of the neuron is at the input zone and receives information via the synapses of other neurons?

A

Dendrites

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11
Q

What part of the neron makes up the integration zone?

A

The cell body

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12
Q

What part of the neuron makes up the conduction zone?

A

Axons and axon collaterals

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13
Q

What part of the neuron makes up the output zone?

A

Axon terminals

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14
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The connection between axon terminals and the cell body or dendrites of another neuron

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15
Q

What is neuroplasticity?

A

The ability of synapses to constantly shift configuration

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16
Q

What is long-term potentiation?

A

A process involving the persistent strengthening of synaptic connections due to increased use over time

17
Q

What is long-term depression?

A

The process by which synaptic connections become weaker due to decreased use over time

18
Q

Excitatory neurons release which neurotransmitter?

A

Glutamate

19
Q

Inhibitory neurons release which neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

20
Q

Which neurons make up 70-90% of all neurons in the cortex and are responsible for most excitatory activity in the brain?

A

Pyramidal cells

21
Q

What is the primary purpose of glial cells?

A

Provide support and insulation for pyramidal cells

22
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

Transmit information between neurons

23
Q

What do microglia do?

A

Surround and remove debris from injured or dead cells

24
Q

What do Oligodendrocytes & Schwann cells do?

A

Perform myelination

25
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

The uppermost part of the brain, composed of the basil ganglia, cerebral cortex and olfactory cortex

26
Q

The part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum and facilitates communication is called what?

A

Corpus callosum

27
Q

What are the six main functions of the frontal lobe?

A

Reasoning, planning, parts of speech, motor control (motor cortex), emotional regulation, and problem solving.

28
Q

What are the three main functions of the temporal lobes?

A

Perception, recognition of auditory stimuli and memory.

29
Q

What are the four main functions of the parietal lobe?

A

Perception of stimuli such as touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

30
Q

What is the main function of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

31
Q

The top six layers of the cortex are called what?

A

Neocortex

32
Q

Which part of the frontal lobe is concerned with voluntary movement?

A

Motor cortex

33
Q

What part of the frontal lobe is concerned with the integration of sensory and motor information?

A

Premotor cortex

34
Q

What part of the frontal lobe is concerned with working memory and problem solving?

A

Prefrontal cortex

35
Q

Fpz, Fz, Cz, Pz and make up what part of the brain?

A

Cingulate Gyrus

36
Q

What is the primary purpose of the limbic system?

A

Survival behaviors (feeding, reproduction, fight or flight) and the integration of emotional, cognitive and behavioral responses

37
Q

What five main structures make up the limbic system?

A

Amygdala, hippocampus, anterior nucleus of the thalamus, cingulate gyrus, and the pleasure/reward center of the brain

NFB Exam (5 decks)

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