Neurophysiology Flashcards
Which cell type secretes innate pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF alpha and IL-1B in patient s with inflammatory conditions that affect the brain?
microglia
cortical synaptic remodeling characteristic of normal adolescence is also believed to be associated with what neurobiological change?
preferential loss of excitatory synapses
disruption of cortical areas that form the salience network leads to impaired functioning of what?
detection of relevant stimuli
relaxation state in biofeedback shows decreasing
skin conductance
how do inflammatory cytokines contribute to depression?
increases serotonin reuptake transporters (opposite of SSRIs)
which cells form neural circuits and scavenge for debris in the brain?
microglia
hormone released from adipose tissues, enters the brain, and provides negative feedback/reduces food intake, regulates fat stores:
leptin
where is ghrelin synthesized and released?
enteroendocrine cells in the proximal small intestine and stomach
process of calcium mediated long lasting increase in AMPA receptor signal transmission
long-term potentiation
what does the hypothalamus secreted when you are stressed?
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
the rapid learning demonstrated by children during the school age years is paralleled neurodevelopmentally by which of the following brain processes?
increase in white matter
the most important feature of post-natal brain development is an increase in what?
number of dendritic and axonal processes
what occurs when the CNS responds to acute cortical insult?
microglia processes retract and the cell body enlarges
hormone released during sleep that doesn’t have circadian rhythm pattern:
growth hormone
neuronal plasticity for learning and memory is best accounted for by:
synaptic connectivity
microglial propagation of cytokines with associated decreased physical activity in response to a peripheral infection is a positive or negative effect of the neuroinflammatory response?
positive
potent neuroprotective factor preventing neuronal cell death (apoptosis)
pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide
what type of receptor is a glucocorticoid receptor?
nuclear
how estrogen modulates effects on neuroinflammation:
decreased inflammatory cutokines
relationship between estrogen and depression during menopausal transition?
rapidity of change in estrogen corrected with the development of depression
which of the following is in highest concentration in women: cortisol, estrogen, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone?
dehydroepiandrosterone
what do you call a modulator that enhances receptor function when an agonist is present but does not directly activated the receptor?
positive allosteric modulator
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor associated with reward properties of nicotine
alphaAbeta2
what happens to LH levels in postmenopausal women?
it increases
a primary effect of inflammatory cytokines
increased production of CRH
decrease in what immune factor has evidence in its role in MDD?
natural killer cell activity
hormone associated with more and frequent eating:
ghrelin
role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
working memory
function of protoplasmic astrocytes
support of axons in white matter
function of oligodendrocytes
formation of myelin sheaths around CNS axons
