Neuropharmacology - just drugs Flashcards
Aducanumab
MAb against Abeta oligomers and aggregates, promising trials in treatment of AD
Agomelatine
Antidepressant, melatonin receptor antagonist
Alteplase
Clot buster used to treat stroke, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
Amantadine
Anti-viral, may enhance DA release, used in PD
Amitriptyline
Antidepressant: TCA, inhibits NET/SERT, additional polypharmacology, inhibits NaV
is an antidepressant used, at lower doses, as a migraine preventative;
Can be a sedative
Dry mouth due to anticholinergic action
Amphetamine
Can be used to treat ADHD: competitive NET/DAT inhibitor, enters vesicles to displace NA/DA
Through overactivity of the nigrostriatal pathway, leads to stereotypes behaviour
Through overactivity of Mesolimbic system, results in euphoria
Aripiprazol
Antipsychotic (atypical): D2 partial agonist, 5-HT1A partial agonist
Baclofen
GABA B agonist: used to treat spasticity in MS patients, muscle relaxant
Bromocriptine
DA receptor agonist, can be used in PD
DA acts to inhibit prolactin release from the anterior pituitary, so can blockade can result in breast development and lactation
DA stimulates GH secretion, but can bromocriptine be used to decrease excessive growth in acromegaly by evoking receptor desensitisation through constant stim instead of pulsatile endogenous stim
Bupriopion
Anxiolytic, partial 5-HT1a agonist, used in generalised anxiety disorder
Caffeine
PDE inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, CNS stimulant
Carbamazepine
Antiepileptic, NaV blocker
Carbidopa
Peripherally acting DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor, used with levodopa in PD
Chlorpromazine
Typical antipsychotic. Broad spectrum of action - pan DA and 5-HT receptor antagonist, antihistamine, antimuscarinic
Citalopram
Antidepressant, SERT inhibitor, also used to treat panic attacks
Clozapine
Atypical antipsychotic, weak D2 antagonist, 5-HT2 antagonist, antihistamine, antimuscarinic
Desipramine
Tricyclic antidepressant, inhibits NET/SERT, additional polypharmacology. Imipramine metabolite.
Diazepam
Benzodiazepine, enhances GABAA response to GABA, used to treat anxiety and status epilepticus
Diphenhydramine
Antihistamine H1 receptor antagonist, has sedative effects
Domperidone
Antiemetic. D2/3 receptor antagonist, used to limit levodopa-induced nausea
More peripherally limited than metoclopramide so doesn’t cause acute dystopia
Donepezil
Anticholinesterase inhibitor, used to treat AD
Duloxetine
Antidepressant SNRI, inhibits NET/SERT
Entacaptone
COMT inhibitor (peripherally restricted), used in the treatmnet of PD
Ethosuximide
Antiepileptic, T-type CaV blocker, efficacious in treating absence seizures
Flumenazil
Benzodiazepine antagonist, used to treat benzodiazepine overdose
Fluoxetine
Antidepressant: SSRI, inhibits SERT. Also 5-HT2c antagonist.
Gabapentin.
Antiepileptic. Binds alpha2delta1 subunits thereby reducing CaV plasma membrane expression, efficacious in treating absence seizures.
Galantamine
Anticholinesterase inhibitor used to treat AD
Haloperidol
Antipsychotic (typical): D1/2 and 5-HT2A receptor antagonist.
Imipramine
Antidepressant: TCA inhibits NET/SERT, additional polypharmacology
Ketamine
NMDA receptor channel blocker. Anaesthetic, possible antidepressant
Lacosamide
Antiepileptic, inhibits NaV by enhancing slow inactivation
Lamotrigine
Antiepileptic. NaV blocker, also used in bipolar disorder.
Levodopa
Substrate for DOPA decarboxylase used to treat PD
Lithium
Mood stabiliser, used to treat bipolar disorder
Lorazepam
Benzodiazepine, enhances GABAA response to GABA, used as sedative and also status epilepticus
Memantine
Alzheimer’s treatment. Non-competitive NMDA receptor channel blocker.
Methylphenidate
Ritalin
DAT inhibitor
Elevated DA levels used in the treatment of ADHD
Mirtazapine
Antidepressant: NASSA
Alpha2 adrenocpetor
5-HT2A/C
5-HT3 antagonists
Moclobemide
Antidepressant, reversible MAO-A inhibitor
Nortriptyline
Antidepressant. TCA, inhibits NET/SERT, additional polypharmacology. Amitriptyline metabolite.
Olanzapine
Atypical antipsychotic: D2 and 5-HT2A antagonist. Also used to treat bipolar disorder.
Orphenadrine
Muscarinic receptor antagonist, used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism
Perampanel
Antiepileptic. Non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist
Phenelzine
Antidepressant
Irreversible non-selective MAO inhibitor
Phenobarbital
Long acting barbiturate, enhances the magnitude of GABAA currents, rarely used anticonvulsant
Phenytoin
Antiepileptic, NaV blocker
Propranolol
Beta blocker, non-selective beta adrenoceptor antagonist, reduces physical symptoms of anxiety
Ramelteon
Melatonin antagonist used in the treatment of insomnia
Ranitidine
Histamine H2 receptor antagonist. Reduced stomach acid production used to treat peptic ulcers and reflux disease.
Rivastigmine
Anticholinesterase inhibitor used to treat AD
Ropinirole
D2/3 receptor agonist, used in PD
Safinamide
MAO-B and DAT inhibitor used in PD
Selegiline
MAO-B inhibitor, used in PD
Sertraline
Antidepressant, SSRI. Inhibits SERT, also used to treat panic attacks and PTSD
Talcaptone
Centrally penetrant COMT inhibitor used in the treatment of PD
Thiopental
Short-acting barbiturate, enhances the magnitude of GABAA currents. Rarely used anaesthetic, also a component of the US lethal injection.
Tiagabine
Antiepileptic, inhibits GAT1. Add-on therapy for partial seizures.
Topiramate
Antiepileptic. Inhibits NaV, CaV, AMPA receptors and facilitates GABAA function.
Trazodone
Antidepressant. Pan 5-HT2 antagonist used to treat insomnia
Sodium valproate
Antiepileptic. T-type CaV blocker, weak GABA transaminase inhibitor and may enhance GABA function and block NaV. Efficacious in treating absence seizures.
Venlafaxine
Antidepressant, SNRI. Inhibits NET/SERT
Vigabatrin
Antiepileptic, irreversible GABA transaminase inhibitor.
Zolpidem
Z drug acts at GABA A benzodiazepine site. Short-acting. Hypnotic used in the treatment of insomnia.
Zonisamide
Antiepileptic. Inhibits NaV/CaV, may enhance GABA A fucntion
7-chlorokynurenic acid
Antagonist at glycine binding site on the NMDA receptor
No clinical use
Alpha-methyltyrosine
Antihypertensive. Inhibits TOH.
No clinical use
ACET
Kainate receptor antagonist
No clinical use
Alphaxalone
Agonist at the steroid binding site (positive allosteric modulator) GABA A receptor: no clinical use. Anaesthetic in veterinary practice.
AP5
Competitive glutamate antagonist at NMDA receptor
No clinical use
Bicuculline
GABAA antagonist, pro-convulsant
No clinical use
CNBX
Competitive AMPA receptor antagonist
No clinical use
Ifenprodil
Blocks spermine/polyamine modulatory site on NMDA receptor
No clinical use
LSD
Hallucinogen. Modulates numerous 5-HT receptors, agonist at 5-HT2A receptors
MDMA
Ecstacy
Empathogen: SERT/DAT/NET inhibitor. Induces 5-HT release
Muscimol
Agonist at GABA binding site on the GABAA receptor
NBQX
Competitive AMPA receptor antagonists
No clinical use
Picrotoxin
GABA A channel blocker, pro-convulsant, No clinical use
Reserpine
VMAT inhibitor No clinical use
Saclofen
GABA B receptor antagonist, may have use in treatment of absence seizures
Thioperamide
Histamine H3 receptor antagonist
No clinical use
Ondansetron
Inhibits 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral afferents that project to the CTZ and the CTZ itself
Inhibits 5-HT3 receptors in ECL cells that sense chemicals that trigger nausea in the gut and project to the CTZ
inhibit nausea and vomiting of most causes now off patent
