NeuroPharmacology

Question 1

What is the therapeutic action (ThA) of Adrenergic (SNS) Agonist on GI/GU? Be sure to mention the receptors. (3)

Answer 1

1. beta 2-3: smooth muscle relaxation (bladder)
2. alpha 1: close sphincter –> promote continence
3. beta 2: uterine relaxation –> premature labor

Question 2

ThA of PNS Agonist on GI/GU? (3)

Answer 2

1. M: increase salivation [Xerostomia]
2. M: increase detrusor contraction [increase urinary flow]
3. M: increase motility [paralytic ileus]

Question 3

Side effects (SE) of PNS agonist on GI/GU? (1)

Answer 3

Diarrhea

Question 4

SE of PNS Antagonist on GI/GU? (3)

Answer 4

1. Dry mouth
2. Urinary hesitancy-retention
3. Constipation

Question 5

ThA of PNS Antagonist on GI/GU? (3)

Answer 5

1. Decrease salivation [create dry field]
2. Block Detrusor [overactive bladder]
3. Decrease GI motility [diarrhea]

Question 6

ThA of SNS Antagonist on GI/GU? (1)

Answer 6

alpha 1: open sphincter (ease voiding) [Micturition Disorders, BPH]

Question 7

What are the drawbacks of using atropine as treatment of cholinesterase inhibitor?

1. Nerve gas toxicity
2. Mushroom toxicity

Answer 7

1. Nerve gas toxicity: at Muscarinic only, NOT effect at NMJ

2. NOT effective at muscarine

Question 8

Adverse reaction of Direct-acting Cholinergic Agonist?

Hint: SLUDGE

Answer 8

S - Salivation
L - Lacrimation
U - Urination
D - Defecation
G - GI --> cramping, emesis
E - Eye --> miosis

Question 9

Antidote for excessive muscarinic receptor stimulation? (1)

Answer 9

Atropine

Question 10

List of organs in order of most sensitive to least sensitive to muscarinic blocking agents.

Answer 10

1. Exocrine gland –> dry mouth
2. Sweat gland –> increased body temperature
3. Heart –> tachycardia
4. Eye –> blurred vision, increased IOP
5. Lung –> bronchodilation
6. Genitourinary tract –> urinary retention
7. Gastrointestinal tract –> constipation
8. CNS effects
9. Overdose toxicity (infants and children especially) –> high fever

Question 11

List 2 contraindications to use cholinergic antagonist?

Answer 11

1. Glaucoma - may cause blindness in acute narrow angle glaucoma
2. Benign prostatic hyperplasia - aggravate symptoms of urinary retention

Question 12

Pilocarpine & Bethanechol

Answer 12

PNS Agonist (M)

Question 13

Neostigmine

Answer 13

PNS Agonist (AChE in)

Question 14

Pyridostigmine

Answer 14

PNS Agonist (AChE in)

Question 15

Edrophonium

Answer 15

PNS Agonist (AChE in)

Question 16

Physostigmine (Eg: Donepezil)

Answer 16

PNS Agonist (AChE in)

Question 17

Organophosphate Nerve Gas

Answer 17

PNS Agonist (AChE in)

Question 18

Atropine

Answer 18

PNS Antagonist (M)

Question 19

Scopolamine

Answer 19

PNS Antagonist (M)

Question 20

Oxybutynin

Answer 20

PNS Antagonist (M)

Question 21

Tolterodine

Answer 21

PNS Antagonist (M)

Question 22

Ipratropium & Tiotropium

Answer 22

PNS Antagonist (M)

Question 23

Common COPD Treatment

Answer 23

Ipratropium & Tiotropium

Question 24

List 2 examples of Curare

Answer 24

1. Atracurium

2. Rocuronium

Question 25

Atracurium

Answer 25

PNS Antagonist (Nicotinic-M)

Question 26

Rocuronium

Answer 26

PNS Antagonist (Nicotinic-M)

Question 27

Epinephrine

Answer 27

SNS Agonist (a1-b1-b2)

Question 28

Norepinephrine

Answer 28

SNS Agonist (a1-b1)

Question 29

Isoproterenol

Answer 29

SNS Agonist (b1-b2)

Question 30

Albuterol

Answer 30

SNS Agonist (b2)

Question 31

Phenylephrine

Answer 31

SNS Agonist (a1 selective)

Question 32

Dobutamine

Answer 32

SNS Agonist (b1)

Question 33

Pseudoephedrine

Answer 33

SNS Agonist (reverse NET prevent re-uptake)

Question 34

Dopamine

Answer 34

SNS Agonist (D1)

Question 35

Amphetamine

Answer 35

Indirect CNS Agonist (releaser)

Question 36

Prazosin-Doxazosin-Terazosin

Answer 36

SNS Antagonist (a1)

Question 37

Metoprolol-Atenolol

Answer 37

SNS Antagonist (b1)

Question 38

Propranolol

Answer 38

SNS Antagonis (b1-b2)

Question 39

Labetalol-carvedilol

Answer 39

SNS Antagonist (a1-b1-b2)

Question 40

Nerve Gas Poisoning Antidote (4)

Answer 40

1. Pralidoxime 2. Atropine 3. Diazepam 4. Mechanical ventilation

Question 41

Pralidoxime MoA

Answer 41

Regenerates AChE (antiCholinergic)

Question 42

Atropine Therapeutic Action (3)

Answer 42

Treat 1. Bradycardia 2. Bronchospam 3. Bronchorrhea

Question 43

Diazepam Therapeutic Action

Answer 43

Prevent or treat convulsion

Question 44

List 3 drugs commonly used for nasal decongestion

Answer 44

1. Pseudoephedrine 2. Phenylephrine 3. Oxymetazoline