Neuropharmacology

Question 0

Ionotropic is also a what?

Answer 0

Ligand gated ion channel

Question 1

What are the two receptor types

Answer 1

Iontropic and metatropic

Question 2

Metabotropic activates what proteins?

Answer 2

G proteins

Question 3

When do iontropic receptors open?

Answer 3

When bound by a transmitter

Question 4

Are ionotropic receptors direct or indirect?

Answer 4

Direct

Question 5

Metabotropic receptors recognize the transmitter but instead activate what?

Answer 5

G proteins

Question 6

Are metabotropic receptors direct or indirect?

Answer 6

Indirect

Question 7

What do agonists do?

Answer 7

Initiates normal effects of the receptor

Question 8

Agonists also mean what?

Answer 8

Mimic

Question 9

What do antagonists do?

Answer 9

Prevents a receptor from being activated by other ligands

Question 10

Name the 4 amino acids

Answer 10

Glycine
GABA
Aspartate
Glutamate

Question 11

Glutamate is what?

Answer 11

The most common excitatory neurotransmitter in brain and spinal cord

Question 12

What are glutamate’s 3 receptors?

Answer 12

AMPA, NMDA, kainate

Question 13

Glutamate also acts on what?

Answer 13

mGluRs - slower metabotropic receptors

Question 14

What is excitotoxicity?

Answer 14

Neural injury such as stroke or head trauma causes excess release of glutamate, which kills neurons

Question 15

gaba is the most common ________ neurotransmitter in the brain

Answer 15

Inhibitory

Question 16

GABA produces what kind of effects

Answer 16

Fast inhibitory effects. It is ionotropic

Question 17

Glycine is?

Answer 17

The major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord

Question 18

What can block glycine?

Answer 18

Strychnine

Question 19

Monoamines break down to what two categories?

Answer 19

Catecholamines & indolamines

Question 20

Catecholamines consist of what?

Answer 20

Dopamine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and epinephrine.

Question 21

Indolamines consist of what

Answer 21

Serotonin

Question 22

Dopamine is responsible for what

Answer 22

Reward, reinforcement and learning; schizophrenia

Question 23

What’s the Mesolimbocortical pathway

Answer 23

Ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens, cortex, and hippocampus

Question 24

What’s the mesostriatal pathway

Answer 24

Substantia nigra to striatum (caudate to putamen)

Question 25

Norepinephrine is responsible for what

Answer 25

Mood, arousal, and sexual behavior

Question 26

What’s norepinephrine pathway

Answer 26

Locus coeruleus to hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cortex

Question 27

What’s serotonin responsible for?

Answer 27

Sleep, mood, sexual behavior, and anxiety

Question 28

What do soluble gases consist of?

Answer 28

Nitric oxide & carbon monoxide

Question 29

Where is nitric oxide produced?

Answer 29

Dendrites, and diffuses immediately

Question 30

What does nitric oxide serve as?

Answer 30

Serves as a retrograde transmitter by diffusing back into pre synaptic neuron

Question 31

What does acetylcholine consist of

Answer 31

Acetylcholine

Question 32

What are the two types of receptors for acetylcholine

Answer 32

Nicotine and muscarinic

Question 33

Nitcotinic

Answer 33

Ionotropic, excitatory, peripheral

Question 34

Muscarine

Answer 34

Metabotropic, excitatory or inhibitory, & in the CNS

Question 35

What are muscarinic ACh receptors blocked by & what does it do

Answer 35

Scopolamine alter cognition