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Behavioral Neuroscience > 1 Powerpoint > Flashcards

1 Powerpoint Flashcards

0
Q

Aristotle

A

Thought the heart was the seat of mental capacities, the brains job was to cool the blood.

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1
Q

What’s the neuron doctrine

A

Brain composed of independent cells. Signals transmitted from cell to cell across gaps.

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2
Q

Hippocrates view?

A

Wrote of the brain as the seat of thoughts and emotions

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3
Q

Galen

A

Reported behavioral changes in brain injured gladiators

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4
Q

What’s old phrenology?

A

Assigned separate functions to cortical areas. Bumps on the skull were thought to overdue enlarged brain regions which were matched to behaviors. “More bumps - smarter”

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5
Q

What’s the neuron doctrine?

A

Brain composed of independent cells. Signal transmitted from cell to cell across gaps.

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6
Q

Santiago Ramon y cajal

A

Used golgis cell staining method to observe neurons - proposes neuron doctrine.

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7
Q

Uni polar neurons

A

A single extension that branches in two directions, forming a receptive pil and an output zone

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8
Q

Bipolar neurons

A

One axon, one dendrite. Only found in the eye

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9
Q

Multi-polar neurons

A

One Avon, many dendrites - most common type. Very slow

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10
Q

Input zone

A

Where neurons collect and integrate information, either from the environment or from other cells

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11
Q

Integration zone

A

Where the decision to produce a neural signal is made

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12
Q

Conduction zone

A

Where information can be transmitted over great distances

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13
Q

Output zone

A

Where the neuron transfers information to other cells

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14
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Respond to environment, such as light, odor, or touch

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15
Q

Motoneurons

A

Contact muscles or glands

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16
Q

Interneurons

A

Receive input from and send input to other neurons - integration (most neurons in CNS)

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17
Q

Name the 4 glial cells

A

A strictures, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia

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18
Q

What’s an astrocytes

A

Most numerous glial cell in brain, look like star. Fill spaces between neurons for support, regulate composition of the extracellular space. Mainly for support

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19
Q

What’s Alexander’s disease?

A

Astrocytes fill up w gfap, then fail

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20
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Wrap axons with myelin sheaths inside brain and spinal cord. Each oligodendrocyte wraps several axons. Form segments of myelin sheaths

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21
Q

What’s nodes of ranvier?

A

Where axon membrane is exposed

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22
Q

What do oligodendrocytes have to do with MS

A

They are seen as foreign bodies and get attacked. It’s an injury from autoimmune attack

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23
Q

What the function of microglia cells?

A

Phagocytes that clean up debris from dying neurons and glia

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24
Q

What are ependymal cells function

A

Line ventricles, secrete and absorb cerebral spinal fluid

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25
Q

What are dendritic spines

A

Dendritic spines have neural plasticity - their # and structure are rapidly altered by experience ( they increase surface area)

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26
Q

What are the pre ganglionic neurons?

A

From CNS to autonomic ganglia

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27
Q

What are post ganglionic neurons

A

From autonomic ganglia to targets in the body

28
Q

What does the sympathetic activation do?

A

Prepares the body for action

29
Q

What does the parasympathetic activation do

A

Rests and digests (turns things off one by one)

30
Q

What’s the horizontal plane of the brain?

A

Top and bottom

31
Q

What’s the Sagittal cut of the brain

A

Left and right

32
Q

What’s the coronal plane of the brain

A

Front and back

33
Q

What does medial mean

A

Toward the middle

34
Q

What’s is ipsilateral

A

Same side

35
Q

What’s anterior

A

Head end

36
Q

What’s proximal

A

Near center

37
Q

What’s dorsal?

A

Toward the back

38
Q

What’s lateral

A

Toward the side

39
Q

What’s contralateral

A

Opposite side

40
Q

What’s posterior

A

Tail end

41
Q

What’s distal

A

Toward periphery

42
Q

What’s ventral

A

Toward the belly

43
Q

What afferent?

A

Carries impulses into a region of interest (sensory)

44
Q

What’s efferent

A

Carries impulses away from a region of interest (motor)

45
Q

What’s white matter?

A

Composed of axon bundles. White bc myelin sheaths (white fatty tissue) cover the axons.

46
Q

Gray matter

A

Composed of clusters of cell bodies, have dark gray appearance

47
Q

Name the four cortical lobes

A

Frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal

48
Q

What does the basal ganglia control?

A

Movement

49
Q

What is the limbic system in charge of?

A

Emotional memory, regulation

50
Q

What is the diencephalon made up of

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, mammillary bodies

51
Q

What is reticular formation?

A

Sleep and arousal. Temperature and motor control. (if this isn’t working, you’re in a coma)

52
Q

What is the pons function?

A

Contains motor and sensory nuclei to the face

53
Q

Medulla

A

Transition of brain to spinal cord, heart rate, & breathing.

54
Q

What’s the cerebellum’s function?

A

Motor coordination and learning

55
Q

What’s a subdural hematoma?

A

Blood clot in the brain. Slow bleeding

56
Q

What do cerebral ventricle do?

A

They make Csf, surrounds and cushions the brain!

Kaitlyn you fucking got this shit

57
Q

Explain CSF production

A

1) Produced by ependymal cells.
2) flows through cerebral aqueduct
3) exits brain at medulla
4) absorbed into blood system

58
Q

What’s hydrocephalus

A

Brain filled w fluid. Can put shunt in and drain it

59
Q

How many layers does the cerebral cortex have

A

Six

60
Q

What is pachygyria?

A

There is only 3 layers instead of 6 in the cerebral cortex. Caused by not enough neurons, and neurons that didn’t migrate properly.

61
Q

What do white matter Tracts do?

A

Connect brain areas. (Short and long distance connections)

62
Q

What’s a ct scan

A

X Ray absorption shows tissue density

63
Q

What’s an mri

A

Strong magnets cause protons in brain tissue to line up parallel. A pulse of radio waves knocks protons over. Protons reconfigure, emitting radio waves that differ by tissue density

64
Q

What’s a pet scan

A

Used radio active chemicals injected into the bloodstream and maps their destination by their emissions. Identifies which brain regions contribute to specific functions

65
Q

What’s a functions mri scan

A

Detects changes in brain Metabolism, like oxygen use, In active brain areas. They can show how networks of brain structures collaborate

66
Q

What are meninges

A

Brain wrappings

67
Q

What are the layers of miniges

A

Dura matter, subdural matter, arachnoid membrane, subarachnoid space, pia matter, artery, brain

Behavioral Neuroscience (3 decks)

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