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Pharmacology > Neuropharm > Flashcards

Neuropharm Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine receptors

A

Muscarinic and Nicotinic cholinergic

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2
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors located

A

pre-ganglionic transmission and NMJ

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3
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors located

A

parasympathetic post-ganglionic transmission

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4
Q

What do sympathetic neurons release at sweat glands

A

Ach

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5
Q

What do sympathetic neurons release at the liver

A

Dopamine

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6
Q

Pupil constriction

A

Miosis

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7
Q

SLUDGE

A

Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gut pain, Emesis

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8
Q

Adverse effects of muscarinic agonists

A

Sweating, diarrhea, cramping, nausea, vomiting, tight bladder, visual disturbance, hypotension

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9
Q

Patients to be careful using muscarinic agonists with

A

Asthma, COPD, Urinary obstruction, GI obstruction, hypotension, bradycardia, Hyperthyroidism, Acid-peptic disease

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10
Q

Quintessential muscarinic antagonist

A

Atropine

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11
Q

Muscarinic antagonist effects on the heart

A

Positive chronotropy

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12
Q

Muscarinic antagonist effects on the respiratory system

A

Decreased broncho-constriction, decreased secretions

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13
Q

Muscarinic antagonist effects on the eyes

A

Mydriasis (dilation)

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14
Q

Muscarinic antagonist effects on the GI tract

A

anti-spasmatic, decreased acid secretions and decreased peristalsis.

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15
Q

Muscarinic antagonist effects on the secretory systems

A

decreased salivation and nasal secretions

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16
Q

Muscarinic antagonist effect on urinary system

A

decreased tone/difficult urination

17
Q

Uses of muscarinic antagonist in the CNS

A

Decrease motion sickness, decreased extra-pyramidal side effects of Parkinson’s treatment

18
Q

Action of anticholinesterase

A

They prevent the breakdown of Ach by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase

19
Q

Therapeutic uses of anticholinesterases

A

atonic GI tract or bladder, reversal of neuromuscular blockade, myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer’s disease

20
Q

Test for myasthenia gravis

A

Tensilon (edrophonium) test

21
Q

Biggest problem with organophosphate poisoning

A

Over stimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in the CNS leading to respiratory failure

22
Q

Treatment for organophosphate poisoning

A

Administration of Atropine and pralidoxime, remove contaminated clothing, wash skin with soap and water, rinse eyes with water

23
Q

Location of alpha-1 receptors

A

arteries, veins, GI, radial muscle of the iris, bronchial glands. They are effected by Epi and NE

24
Q

Location of alpha-2 receptors

A

arteries, veins and GI. Effected by Epi and NE

25
Q

Location of Beta-1 receptors

A

heart, GI and kidney. Effected by Epi, NE, Isoproteranol and Dopamine

26
Q

Location of Beta-2 receptors

A

arteries and veins (actually causes dilation), GI, Ciliary muscle of eye (relaxation), Bronchial smooth muscle (dilation). Only effected by Epi and Isoproteranol

27
Q

Receptor with greatest affinity for Epi

A

Beta-2 this is important because small doses of Epi will actually lower BP

28
Q

Which is a stronger vasoconstrictor Epi or NE?

A

NE because there is no competition from Beta-2 receptors

29
Q

Dopamine receptors

A

Dopamine receptors and Beta-1

30
Q

Isoproteranol action and receptors

A

Strong vasodilator, increased CO, Beta-1 receptors

31
Q

Dobutamine action

A

Selective Beta-1 agonsit

32
Q

Target for COPD or Asthma therapy

A

Beta-2 receptors

33
Q

Clinical uses for norepinepherine

A

Severe hypotension, Septic shock

34
Q

Important side effects of norepinepherine

A

Increased risk of arrhythmias, Increase cardiac work load (increased MI), Reflex bradycardia (increased TPR causes a baroreceptor initiated slowing of the heart), Urinary retention, tremors

35
Q

How does epinephrine stimulation vary depending on dosing?

A

High doses stimulate alpha receptors, Low doses stimulate Beta receptors

36
Q

Clinical uses of Epinephrine

A

cardiac arrest, bronchospasm, with local anesthetics (this causes a high [ ] in the local area –> alpha 1 stimulated –>vasoconstriction)

37
Q

Side effects of Epinephrine

A

increased BP, Tachycardia, arrhythmias, anxiety

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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