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Pharmacology > Drugs for Exam 2 > Flashcards

Drugs for Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscarinic Agonists

A

Acetylcholine, Methacholine, Pilocarpine, Bethanecol, Carbacol, Cevimeline

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2
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Muscarinic agonist, used to induce miosis after cataract surgery. (Muscarinic agonist)

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3
Q

Carbacol

A

Induces miosis for surgery and relieves intra-ocular pressure from glaucoma. (Muscarinic Agonist)

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4
Q

Cevimeline

A

High affinity for lacrimal and salivary muscarinic receptors

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5
Q

Muscarinic Antagonist representative

A

Atropine

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6
Q

Bethanechol

A

Used to treat urinary retention (Muscarinic agonist)

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7
Q

Muscarinic Antagonists used for GI spasticity

A

Hyoscyamine, Atropine, Dicyclomine

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8
Q

Muscarinic Antagonists used for mydriasis

A

Cyclopentolate, Homatropine, Tropicamide

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9
Q

Muscarinic Antagonists that act in the mouth/airway

A

Ipratropium, Tiotropium

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10
Q

Physostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Neostigmine, Ambenonium

A

Treatment for Myasthenia Gravis (Anticholinesterases)

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11
Q

Methacholine

A

Inhalant used to diagnose bronchial airway hyperactivity. Contraindicated in patients on beta blockers. (Muscarinic agonist)

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12
Q

Used to relieve post-op urinary retention and pseudo-colonic obstruction (Anticholinesterases)

A

Neostigmine

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13
Q

Epinephrine actions

A

Increased HR, Gut relaxation, bladder sphincter contracts, bronchodilation

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14
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Treats xerostomia from radiation tx and Sjogren’s syndrome. Non-selective muscarinic agonist.

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15
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Strong vasoconstrictor (Interacts w/ MAOIs, TCAs and antihistamines)

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16
Q

Dopamine

A

Used in management of shock (Adrenergic agent)

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17
Q

Dobutamine

A

Used in CHF b/c it’s a positive inotrope but doesn’t increase TPR (Selective B1 agonist)

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18
Q

Albuterol

A

SABA used to treat Asthma and COPD (B2 selective Adrenergic agent)

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19
Q

Salmeterol and Fomoterol

A

LABA used for Asthma management (B2 selective Adrenergic agent)

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20
Q

Muscarinic Antagonists used for overactive bladder

A

Oxybutynin, Trospium, Tolterodine

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22
Q

Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine

A

Treatment of Alzheimer’s (Anticholinesterases)

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22
Q

Isoproteronol

A

Can be used in bradycardia and some arrhythmias (Beta selective agonist)

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23
Q

Drugs to treat depression

A

SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, TCAs and Atypical anti-psychotics

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24
Q

Drugs to treat anxiety

A

SSRIs, SNRIs, Benzodiazepine, Buspirone, Beta-antagonists

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25
Phenelzine, Tranylcypromine, Selegiline
MAOIs
26
amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, trimipramine
TCAs
27
citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, setraline, venlafaxine
SSRIs
28
Duloxetine
SNRI options
29
End in -pram or -lam
Benzodiazepines
30
Setraline and Paroxetine
SSRIs approved for PTSD treatment
31
Morphine, Hydromorphone, Oxymorphone
Opioid strong agonist prototyes
32
Fentanyl
Opioid strong agonist used for chronic pain
33
Good for neuropathic and Cancer pain
Methadone
34
Diphenoxylate & Loperamide
Opioid mild agonists used in diarrhea treatment
35
Oxycodone & Codeine
Opioid mild agonists used for pain
36
Mixed opioid receptor agent that lowers the seizure threshold and can cause serotonin syndrome in pts on SSRIs
Tramadol
37
Nalbuphine & Buprenorphine
Mixed opioid receptor agents useful in treating addiction
38
Sodium Bicarbonate
Antacid: can cause gastric distention and NaCl formation that is problematic in HTN, CHF and renal insufficiency.
39
Calcium Carbonate
Antacid: can cause belching, hypercalcemia and milk-alkali syndrome
40
Aluminum/Magnesium hydroxide
Antacid: No gas or alkalosis but Mg2+ can cause diarrhea and Al3+ can cause constipation
41
Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine
H2 receptor antagonists. Good for nocturnal control of acid production. Long term can cause gynecomastia & galactorrhea.
42
Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Dexlansoprazole, Rabeprazole, Pantoprazole
PPIs: Take 1 hr before first meal. May increase the risk of infection.
43
Actions of sucralfate
Binds ulcers and erosions like a bandage. Should be taken on an empty stomach. May impair absorption of other drugs.
44
Actions of misoprostol
Prostaglandine analog that stimulates mucus & bicarbonate secretion. Used in long term NSAID therapy. Pregnancy category X.
45
Bismuth subsalicylate
Coats erosions and decreases stool frequency & liquidity. Can cause blackened stool and darkened tongue.
46
Metoclopramide
D2-receptor antagonist. Anti-nausea, anti-vomiting. Can cause dystonia, rigidity and hypokinesia.
47
Erythromycin
Macrolide antibiotic that stimulates motilin receptors in the gut. Effective for treating bloating
48
Psyllium, Methylcellulose, Polycarbophil
Bulk forming laxatives that cause colon distention to trigger parastalsis.
49
Docusate, Glycerin
Soften stool to allow for water & lipid incorporation
50
Golytely, Moviprep, Trilyte, Miralax
Osmotically active polyethyleneglycol-electrolyte colon preps
51
Bisacodyl, Senna
Stimulant laxatives. The mechanism isn't well understood.
52
Lubiprostone
Good for idiopathic constipation and IBS-C
53
Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevalam
Bile acid sequestrants, good for Crohn's or surgical resection of the gut.
54
Loperamide
Opioid agonist used for traveller's diarrhea and IBS-D
55
Alosetron
Treatment of severe IBS-D in women
56
Levothyroxine
Synthetic T4 for Hypothyroidism. Give 4 hours separate from other drugs
57
Thiamides, methimazole, PTU
For Hyperthyroidism. All pregnancy class D. Methimazole is 1st choice. PTU is good for pregnant women
58
Insulin lispro, Insulin aspart, Insulin glulisine
Rapid acting. 5-15 min onset, 3-4 hr effect
59
Regular Insulin
Short acting. 30 min onset 5-8 hr effect
60
NPH
Intermediate insulin. Unpredictable
61
Glargine, detemir
Long acting. 1-1.5 hr onset, 11-24 hr effect
62
Sulfonylureas
increase insulin from beta cells by blocking ATP mediated K+ channels. 1-2% A1C reduction
63
Rapaglinide, nateglinide
Meglitinides, cause a 1-2% reduction in A1C
64
Metformin
Biguanides, decrease hepatic production of glucose by activating AMP kinase
65
Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone
TZDs
66
Acardose, Miglitol
Alpha Gluosidase inhibitors. Slows sugar digestion and absorption.
67
Colesevelam
Bile acid sequestrants
68
Pramlintide
Amylin analog
69
Drugs ending in -tide
GLP-1 receptor agonists
70
drugs ending in -liptin
DPP-4 inhibitors
71
Drugs ending in -flozin
SGLT2

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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