Neuropathology Flashcards
Name the causative organisms of meningitis for each age group.
Neonates - listeria monocytogenes, e.coli
2-5 years - haemophilius influenzae
5-30 years - neisseria meningitidis
30 years+ - streptococcus pneumoniae
What is chronic meningitis?
Form of meningitis that has a slower development and different symptoms. Caused by m.tuberculosis and leads to granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis.
What is encephalitis?
Inflammation of parenchyma of brain caused by a virus, commonly the herpes virus.
What is encephalopathy?
Brain damage/disease.
Name 2 diseases where amyloid deposition is seen.
Alzheimer’s disease
Down’s syndrome
What is normal ICP?
0-10mmHg
What is an expanding lesion?
When deformation or destruction of brain tissue occurs around a lesion, can result in internal herniation.
Name 3 types of brain herniation.
Subfalcine
Uncal
Tonsilar
What is a tonsillar herniation?
When cerebellar tonsils are pushed into the foramen magnum, can compress the brainstem.
What is an uncal herniation?
When the uncus of the temporal lobe is pushed through the tentorial notch, can cause CN III damage.
What is a subfalcine herniation?
When the cingulate gyrus is pushed under the falx cerebrii, can compress anterior cerebral artery.
What is a lacunar infarct?
Infarction of the basal ganglia and internal capsule.
What causes a subarachnoid haemorrhage?
Rupture of berry aneurysms.
What are the 2 broad categories of stroke?
Cerebral infarction (85%) Cerebral haemorrhage (15%)
