Neuropathology Flashcards
Alzheimer’s Disease
Granulovacuolar degeneration, neurofibrillary tangle, hirano body
Pick Disease
Spares the superiortemporal gyrus
Spherical intracellular inclusions
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
-Inflammatory and demyelinating features shown in the image
Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage
Basal ganglionic hemorrhage & rupture into ventricular system
Friedreich Ataxia
Tract degeneration in dorsal spinocerebellar columns and posterior columns
Wernicke Encephalopathy
Mamillary bodies are congested and discolored
Laminar necrosis, due to hypoxic/ischemic injury.
Aspergillosis infection. Septate Hypae branch at acute angles
Pompe Disease - severe vacuolar myopathy due to extensive glycogen storage
CADASIL - numerous accumulations of granular osmiophilic material (GOM) shown in electron micrograph
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy - Globose neurofibrillary tangles and positive astrocytic inclusions
Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Notice the Amyloid Plaques
Schwannoma - tumor contains a verocay body
Polyarteritis Nodosa - acute vasculitis involving an epineural artery
Multiple Sclerosis - sharply demarcated plaque of myelin loss and small lesions adjacent to the ventricles
Hypothalamic hamartoma - disorganized hypocellular collection of mature neurons and glia appear as a discrete mass in floor of 3rd ventricle
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - degenerating fibers undergoing phagocytosis, hypercontracted fibers, excessive fibrosis, variation in fiber size
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
- note large lobar hemorrhage
Ependymoma - classic perivascular pseudo-rosettes and ependymal canal-like structures
Huntington Disease - Marked Caudate Atrophy
If you see these in a child, what are they and what do you look for further?
These are multiple meningiomas, look for NF2
Hemangioblastoma, note the capillaries
45 year old woman
Cerebellopontine angle tumor, most likely a Schwannoma aka Neurilemoma
Schwannoma: note the Antoni A (more cellular, palisading nuclei with surrounding pink areas with rows of nuclei in parallel array called Verocay bodies) and Antoni B which has looser stroma, fewer cells, and myxoid change
Schwannomas, Meningioma, Glioma. Of these, what do they stain for the following? S-100, EMA, GFAP?
Schwannoma, Some Meningiomas, and Gliomas are positive for S-100.
Only Meningiomas are positive for EMA
Only Gliomas are positive for GFAP
What disease, what disorder, gene, how is it passed?
Neurofibromatosis - an autosomal dominant disorder 1:4000, but 50% are from a spontaneous Neurofibromin mutation 17q12
Neurofibroma - bundles of Schwann cells and fibroblasts embedded in a watery mucoid matrix “shredded carrots” appearance
57 year old male presents with lower back pain, lower extremity weakness, and urinary incontinence. Noted to have a mass filum terminale
Paraganlioma - encapsulation and fibrosis of vessels and hypervascularity. “Nested appearance” of cells.
Chordoma: Lobules of tumor in myxoid stroma. Cells are arranged in strands, cords, sheets, clusters, etc
Chondrosarcoma - cells lie individually in lacunae
Adenoma compressing a normal gland (i.e. pituitary adenoma). The normal gland is upper left
Craniopharyngioma producing hydrocephalus. Derived from Rathke’s Cyst
Epidermoid cyst. Dry keratin on the left, then an epithelial-like lining on right.
A child presents with vision loss, or maybe obstructive hydrocephalus
Pilocytic astrocytoma.
- Most common glial tumor in childhood
- Rosenthal fibers - biphasic, compact and loose microcystic areas, coarse pilocytic cell processes
- usually in the cerebellum (67%), hypothalamus, optic chiasm, or optic nerve
Perivascular pseudorosettes seen in ependymomas
“Butterfly” Glioma - glioblastoma
