neurons - anatomy and support systems Flashcards
1
Q
sensory neurons
A
- connects either to a sensory receptor or sensory cell/nerve
- reacts to stimulus before activating interneurons
- peripheral nervous system
2
Q
interneurons
A
- moves sensory information to the brain to be processed before going to the motor neuron if necessary
- central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
3
Q
motor neurons
A
- connects directly to an effector cell or muscles
- usually something like muscle/endocrine gland/epithelial tissue
- peripheral nervous system
4
Q
ogliodendrocytes
A
- creates myelin sheaths
- one of these can myelinate multiple axons
- only in the CNS where nerves are closer together
5
Q
schwann cells
A
- creates myelin sheaths
- takes multiple of these to myelinate one axon
- only in the PNS where nerves are further apart
6
Q
saltatory conduction
A
- action potentials jumps from node of ranvier to node of ranvier
- this increases the speed of the process because depolarization does not have to occur on the whole cell, only at the exposed parts of the axon
7
Q
astrocytes
A
- housekeepers
- prevents excitotoxicity
- can inhibit neurotransmitters function of the og synapse or they can bind with the neurotransmitter and remove them from the system
- the blood-brain barrier acts as a checkpoint here so that if infection occurs, it infects this instead of the brain
8
Q
microglia
A
- specialized immunological cells; part of the nervous system
- primary immune response of the CNS (phagocytic macrophages or respond to areas of inflammation)
- non activated –> encounters a pathogen –> activated –> searches for pathogen –> phagocytic (will engulf pathogen and remove it from the system
9
Q
fMRI
A
- doing an mri while the individual performs a task
- hemoglobin will alter its oxygen levels as the brain uses them and the fmri will track this usage and measure the differences
- magnetism of hemoglobin changes as the brain uses it
10
Q
afferent neurons
A
- sensory neurons that pick up the stimulus signal
- peripheral nervous system
11
Q
efferent neurons
A
- motor neurons that will affect how the body reacts
- peripheral nervous system
12
Q
central nervous system
A
- the brain and the spinal cord
- white matter: axonal projections of clusters of neurons
- grey matter: clusters of cell bodies
- cerebrospinal fluid which is analogous to blood
13
Q
peripheral nervous system
A
- everything but the brain and spinal cord
- sensory and motor receptors
14
Q
cerebrospinal fluid
A
- similar to blood; moves nutrients and waste products; provides a cushion from the cranium
- consists of ependymal cells to move it along and form the ependyma which pushes infections and mucus out of the body
15
Q
autonomic nervous system
A
- involuntary movement
- consists of parasympathetic, sympathetic, and enteric divisions
