immunology - adaptive immunity

Question 1

adaptive immunity

Answer 1

• evolved from lots of specialized cells to generalized (multifunctional) cells with memory
• specific to vertebrates
• increasing cell memory of responses to certain antigens
• humoral response and cell-mediated response

Question 2

humoral response

Answer 2

• b cells
• antigens bind to antigen receptors based on specific epitopes
• activated b cells make and secrete antibodies (Ig) for specific antigens

Question 3

cell-mediated response

Answer 3

• t cells
• involves the destruction of infected cells by t cells
• activated by MHCII site recognition which deploys the t cells

Question 4

b cells

Answer 4

• remain and mature in the bone marrow before entering the blood and lymph systems
• capable of some sequential differentiation (memory cells and plasma)
• attack invaders outside of the cell

Question 5

t cells

Answer 5

• leave the bone marrow and mature in the thymus
• capable of sequential differentiation (helper, cytotoxic, natural killer, memory cells)
• attack infected cells

Question 6

immunoglobulin monomers

Answer 6

• IgG
• IgE
• IgD

Question 7

immunoglobulin dimer

Answer 7

IgA

Question 8

immunoglobulin pentamer

Answer 8

IgM

Question 9

IgM

Answer 9

• Ig first responder
• antibodies produced as first response to a new infection/non self antigen
• provides short term protection
• is inverse in production with IgG

Question 10

IgG

Answer 10

• the lead Ig (almost 70-80% of immunoglobulins)
• can pass through the placenta
• form the basis of long term protection against microorganisms

Question 11

IgA

Answer 11

• mucosal Ig (saliva, tears, breast milk)
• provides protection against infection in mucosal areas of the body

Question 12

IgD

Answer 12

• secret helper; role not entirely understood

Question 13

IgE

Answer 13

• allergies
• can also increase as a result of stress