Neurons Flashcards

1
Q

What are neurons?

A

Are cells which carry action potential around the body

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2
Q

What are neurons involved with?

A

Cell signalling and cell communication

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3
Q

Adaptation One of Neurons

A

Many dendrites/axon terminals to connect with many other neurons

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4
Q

Adaptation Two of Neurons

A

Many have a mylein sheath which protects and insulates the axon/dendron and speeds up transmission of the action potential

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5
Q

Adaptation Three of Neurons

A

Are long so action potential can be transmitted over long distances quickly

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6
Q

Adaptation Four of Neurons

A

Have many sodium-potassium pumps so neurons have many mitochondria for ATP

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7
Q

Adaptation Five of Neurons

A

Have many sodium, calcium and potassium channels

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8
Q

How do some neurons end up paralysed?

A

Many neurons are amitotic so if damaged, can’t do mitosis so end up paralysed

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of neuron?

A

-Sensory
-Relay
-Motor

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10
Q

Sensory Neuron

A

-Afferent Neuron
-From PNS to CNS

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11
Q

Relay Neuron

A

-In CNS (brain and spinal chord)

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12
Q

Motor Neuron

A

-Efferent Neuron
-From CNS to PNS

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13
Q

What can an effector be?

A

-Muscle
-Gland

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14
Q

Structure of Sensory Neuron

A

-Dendrites
-Long Dendron
-Schwan Cells
-Short Axon
-Axon Terminals
-Cell Body just outside of CNS
-Action Potential along from PNS to just outside CNS

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15
Q

Structure of Relay Neuron

A

-Many Dendrites
-Short/No Dendron
-No Schwan Cells
-Short Axon
-Axon Terminals
-Cell Body
-Action Potential from top of CNS/Spinal Chord working way down

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16
Q

Structure of Motor Neuron

A

-Dendrites connect straight to cell body
-No Dendron
-Schwan Cells
-Long Axon
-Axon Terminals leading to effector
-Cell Body in CNS
-Action Potential from CNS out into PNS

17
Q

Draw a Sensory Neuron

A

See Notes

18
Q

Draw a Relay Neuron

A

See Notes

19
Q

Draw a Motor Neuron

A

See Notes

20
Q

What does it mean if neurons are myelinated?

A

They have schwan cells that produce mylein

21
Q

How many peripheral neurons (PNS) are myelinated?

A

1/3

22
Q

What neurons are usually myleinated? And why?

A

-Neurons that are involved taking action potentials to/from CNS
-Have to transmit action potential quickly

23
Q

What does a Schwan cell look like that produce mylein?

A

See Notes

24
Q

Schwan cell look like that produce mylein properties

A

-Axon/Dendron
-Nuclues
-Schwan cell membrane which secretes mylein but don’t have any Na+ of K+ channels where Schwan Cells are

25
Q

What does a Schwan cell look like that doesn’t produce mylein?

A

See Notes

26
Q

Schwan cell look like that don’t produce mylein properties

A

-Nucleus
-Houses several axons/dendrons and provides some protection
-There’s a gap around axons/dendrons so NA+ and K+ channels are found along the whole length of axon/dendron