Neurons Flashcards
What are neurons?
Are cells which carry action potential around the body
What are neurons involved with?
Cell signalling and cell communication
Adaptation One of Neurons
Many dendrites/axon terminals to connect with many other neurons
Adaptation Two of Neurons
Many have a mylein sheath which protects and insulates the axon/dendron and speeds up transmission of the action potential
Adaptation Three of Neurons
Are long so action potential can be transmitted over long distances quickly
Adaptation Four of Neurons
Have many sodium-potassium pumps so neurons have many mitochondria for ATP
Adaptation Five of Neurons
Have many sodium, calcium and potassium channels
How do some neurons end up paralysed?
Many neurons are amitotic so if damaged, can’t do mitosis so end up paralysed
What are the 3 types of neuron?
-Sensory
-Relay
-Motor
Sensory Neuron
-Afferent Neuron
-From PNS to CNS
Relay Neuron
-In CNS (brain and spinal chord)
Motor Neuron
-Efferent Neuron
-From CNS to PNS
What can an effector be?
-Muscle
-Gland
Structure of Sensory Neuron
-Dendrites
-Long Dendron
-Schwan Cells
-Short Axon
-Axon Terminals
-Cell Body just outside of CNS
-Action Potential along from PNS to just outside CNS
Structure of Relay Neuron
-Many Dendrites
-Short/No Dendron
-No Schwan Cells
-Short Axon
-Axon Terminals
-Cell Body
-Action Potential from top of CNS/Spinal Chord working way down