Neurons

Question 1

Name 5 parts of a neuron.

Answer 1

Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
Myelin sheath
Nodes of Ranvier

Question 2

What is a dendrite?

Answer 2

Long branches that extend off the cell body towards axons of neighbouring cells,

Question 3

What is the cell body?

Answer 3

The large, main part of the cell that contains the nucleus and the genetic material.

Question 4

What is the axon?

Answer 4

The long part of the cell that goes away from the cell body to carry electrical impulses to other dendrites of neighbouring cells.

Question 5

What is the myelin sheath?

Answer 5

Material that covers part of the axon which speeds up rate of impulse transmission.

Question 6

What are nodes of Ranvier?

Answer 6

Gaps in between the myelin sheath that cause the impulse to jump from node to node, increasing transmission speed.

Question 7

Name 3 types of neuron.

Answer 7

Sensory
Relay
Motor

Question 8

Sensory neurons are part of which nervous system?

Answer 8

The peripheral nervous system.

Question 9

What do sensory neurons carry information from/to?

Answer 9

They carry information about touch from receptors to the central nervous system.

Question 10

Describe the length of axons and dendrites in sensory neurons.

Answer 10

Short axon
Long dendrite

Question 11

Which nervous system are relay neurons a part of?
Which organs will they be found in?

Answer 11

The central nervous system.
They form most of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 12

What do relay neurons do?

Answer 12

They relay information from sensory to motor neurons.

Question 13

Name 2 components of a neuron that are not found in a a relay neuron.

Answer 13

Myelin sheath
Nodes of ranvier

Question 14

Describe the length of the axon and dendrites in a relay neuron.

Answer 14

Short axon
Short dendrites

Question 15

What nervous system are motor neurons a part of?

Answer 15

Peripheral nervous system.

Question 16

What do motor neurons do?

Answer 16

They carry impulses from relay neurons to effectors, such as muscles, so a response to a stimulus can be produced.

Question 17

Describe the length of the axon/dendrites in motor neurons.

Answer 17

Long axon, short dendrites.

Question 18

Do neurons have a positive or negative charge at resting state?

Answer 18

Negative

Question 19

When a neuron becomes activated by a stimulus, what happens to the charge inside the cell?
What is this process called?

Answer 19

The inside of the cell becomes positively charged causing action potential.

Question 20

What does action potential do to a neuron?

Answer 20

It causes the electrical impulse to travel down the axon to the end of the neuron.