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Biology Ill Midterm > Neurons > Flashcards

Neurons Flashcards

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1
Q

Define neurons.

A

A specialized cell that stores information and carries messages within the nervous system.

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2
Q

Define the dendrites.

A

A branchlike extinctions that receives the information.

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3
Q

Define the axon.

A

A long extension that carries electrical messages away.

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4
Q

Define the myelin sheath.

A

The myelin sheath is a specialized support cell that help axons send the

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5
Q

Draw the motor neuron and label it.

A

Labels:
1) Cell body (the head center)
2) Dendrites (extensions)
3) Sensory (the dot inside the center)
4) Schwann cell (the dots)
5) Axon (the long extension)
6) Myelin sheath (the small covers on the axon)
7) Nodes of ranvier (the gap)
8) Muscle or gland
9) Axon terminal (ends).

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6
Q

Draw the sensory neuron the label it.

A

Labels:
1) synapse (extensions)
2) cell head (the thing popping out)
3) Schwann cell (the dots).
4) Axon (the long extension)
6) Myelin sheath (the small covers on the axon)
8) Muscle or gland
9) Sensory receptors (ends).

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7
Q

The body is part of the neuron that contains?

A

Nucleus & organelles.

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8
Q

An action potential begins at a point where the cell body of the neuron join..?

A

The axon (it passes through)

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9
Q

How can drugs effect neurons?

A

It can lead to a reduction of the transmitted electrical impulses.

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10
Q

Define the function of the sensory neuron.

A

Detect stimuli and transmit signals to the brain and spinal cord.

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11
Q

Define the function of the relay neuron.

A

It make up the brain and spinal cord to receive signals from the sensory neurons.

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12
Q

Define the function of the motor neuron.

A

Pass messages from the nervous system to other body tissues.

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13
Q

What’s the action potential 1st action?

A

A dendrite or cell body of a neuron is stimulated.

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14
Q

What’s the action potential 2nd action?

A

The cell membrane becomes permeable to Na+ ions.

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15
Q

What’s the action potential 3rd action?

A

Voltage-gated channels open.

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16
Q

What’s the action potential 4th action?

A

Na+ ions diffuse into the neuron.

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17
Q

What’s the action potential 5th action?

A

The interior of the neuron’s cell body becomes more positively charged from the outer surface.

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18
Q

What’s the action potential 6th action?

A

A positive charge passes down the membrane of the axon.

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19
Q

What’s the action potential 7th action?

A

Additional Na+ channels in the axon membrane open until the whole neuron is positively charged

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20
Q

What’s the action potential 8th action?

A

The gated channels for Na+ ions close.

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21
Q

What’s the action potential 9th action?

A

Voltage-gated channels for K+ ions open.

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22
Q

What’s the action potential 10th action?

A

A stream of K+ ions flows outward.

23
Q

What’s the action potential 11th action?

A

The inner surface of the neuron’s cell body regain its negative charge.

24
Q

What’s the action potential 12th action?

A

The action potential ends.

25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: its not required to have gates that open and close.

A

False.

26
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Na+ channels opens quickly in the receiving neuron.

A

True.

27
Q

Draw the sending/receiving neurons.

A

Positive charges on the outside and positive ones inside (sending neuron)
Positive charges outside and negative charges on the inside on the tip

Negative charges outside and positive charges inside as the new impulse passes.

28
Q

What channel opens slowly?

A

The K+ channel.

29
Q

Which ion are negative or “less positive”?

A

The K+ ions.

30
Q

Which ion is more positive than the other?

A

Na+ ions.

31
Q

Which channel opens quickly?

A

The Na+ channel.

32
Q

What does the cell membrane has?

A

Phosphates which turns to hydrophilic.

33
Q

In the resting potential
Describe the outside and the inside charges.

A

In the outside its +
Inside -

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: the ability to change is caused by the electrical difference.

A

True.

35
Q

How does the structure of a neuron make it effective in carrying out the functions of the nervous system?

A

Neurons have long extensions called axons, which allow messages to be carried long distances without having to pass the signal to another cell.

36
Q

What’s the most common chemical synapse in the body?

A

Acetyl choline.

37
Q

Whats the name of the circles on the neurons head?

A

Vesicles.

38
Q

What are the small dots on the neurons head?

A

Receptors.

39
Q

What is the neuron tail sending the other neurons head?

A

Neurotransmitter.

40
Q

What ion has more channels than the other?

A

The k+ ions.

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: the head should be connected to the brain touching.

A

False, without touching.

42
Q

What does the vesicles released from the tail fuse with?

A

It fuses with the neurons membrane.

43
Q

What happens after the neurotransmitter gets released in the synapse?

A

It binds to the receptors to the next neuron.

44
Q

What happens when the neurotransmitter gets bind to the receptors?

A

It will stimulate it to open Na+ channels.

45
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: relay neuron doesn’t have a dendron.

A

True.

46
Q

Define the nerve impulses.

A

An electrical charge that travel along the membrane of a neuron.

47
Q

How can the neurotransmitter gets removed from the synapse?

A

By getting broken down by the enzymes as the second neuron closes.

48
Q

Where does chemicals and enzymes gets stimulated?

A

In the heads of the motor/relay neurons.

49
Q

List the two types of nerve impulses.

A
  1. Resting potential.
  2. Action potential.
50
Q

Define the action potential.

A

Once a neuron is stimulated a portion of the inner membrane becomes positively charged and must have chemical signals before it moves.

51
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: neurons can stimulate any action that causes a reaction.

A

True.

52
Q

What’s the purpose of Na+ and K+ pump channels?

A

Helps maintaining resting potential.

53
Q

What does the change in charge triggers?

A

A moving electrical impulse.

Biology Ill Midterm (9 decks)

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