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Neurophysiology test 1 > Neuronal Membrane Potential > Flashcards

Neuronal Membrane Potential Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system continually ___, ____ and _____ information

A
  • Transmit
  • Integrate
  • Proccess
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2
Q

What information travels through an ascending pathway/tract?

A

Sensory/ Inputs/ Afferent

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3
Q

What information travels through a descending pathway/tract?

A

Motor/ outputs/ Efferent

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4
Q

Defined pathways are ____

A

Networks

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5
Q

The response to an input is a Neuron is a result of what?

A

Change in Membrane Potentional

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6
Q

The strength of the input is encoded by a _____________

A

The magnitude of change in the membrane potential

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7
Q

Proteins tend to have what kind of charge?

A

Negative (Anionic)

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8
Q

Membrane potential measure what?

A

The strength of attraction between ions along the surface of the membrane

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9
Q

What kind of ions are typically found on the outer surface of the membrane?

A

Cations (+)

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10
Q

What kind of ions are typically found on the inner surface of the membrane?

A

Anions (-)

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11
Q

What is the typical value of a membrane potential?

A

-65 mV

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12
Q

The sign of a membrane potential indicates what? Ex. -65mV

A

polarity

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13
Q

The number of a membrane potential indicates what? Ex. -65mV

A

Strength of electrical force

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14
Q

A change in membrane potential is caused by what?

A

redistribution of ions (current)

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15
Q

_____ is the movement of ions

A

Current

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16
Q

Channels are dependent on ____

A

Signals

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17
Q

Neurotransmitters are classified as what kind of signals?

A

Ligands

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18
Q

What kind of channel is dependent on the change in membrane potential as a signal?

A

Voltage-gated

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19
Q

_____ is defined as relaying information from location to another with in the body

A

Transmission

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20
Q

____ is defined as adding multiple inputs from multiple sources

A

Integration

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21
Q

____ is the conversions of nervous inputs into outputs

A

Processing

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22
Q

Neurons differ on histological appearance (4 categories)

A

Unipolar
Bipolar
Pseudo-Unipolar
multipolar

23
Q

Membrane potential ___ the inputs to a neuron

A

encodes

24
Q

The membrane potential results from a _______ between the inside and outside of the neuron.

A

Separation of ionic charge

25
Q

______ charge accumulates along the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane due to no diffusible proteins.

A

Negative

26
Q

_____ charged ions line up along the extracellular surface of the membrane

A

Positively

27
Q

The membrane potential measures the ____ between ions along the inner and outer surface of the membrane

A

Force of attraction

28
Q

The membrane potential is proportional to the number of _____ and ______ that accumulate along the two surfaces of the membrane.

A
  • positively

- negatively charged ions

29
Q

The membrane potential is expressed in both its ___ and its ___

A
  • Magnitude

- polarity

30
Q

Polarity is referenced to what side of the membrane potential

A

-cytosolic

31
Q

The strength of the electric static attraction between ions across the membrane is what ?

A

Magnitude

32
Q

Why are ion channels needed for a current to pass through the membrane

A

Because the membrane is impermeable to ions

33
Q

____ channels are controlled by ligand binding to the channel protein to induce the conformational change

A

Ligand Gating

34
Q

_____ channels require the attachment or detachment of a phosphate group to the channel protein to induce a change in conformation

A

Phosphorylation

35
Q

_____ channels respond to changes in the electrical potential of the adjacent membrane

A

Voltage gating

36
Q

_____ channels respond to physical distention of the membrane or change in membrane tension to cause a conformational change

A

Mechanical forces

37
Q

How do ion specific channels filter ions (2 mechanisms)?

A
  • pore size

- active sites

38
Q

Under normal concentration gradients what ion(s) concentrations are low on the inside but high on the outside of the cell?

A

Na+
Ca++
CL-

39
Q

Under normal concentration gradients what ion(s) concentrations are high on the inside but low on the outside of the cell?

A

K+

40
Q

The neuronal membrane is impermeable to what ion(s)?

A

Na+
Ca++
CL-

41
Q

The neuronal membrane is permeable to what ion(s)?

A

K+

42
Q

A change in membrane potential is a result of _____ across the neuronal membrane

A

Ionic currents

43
Q

What gradient is the movement of ions from a high concentration to a low concentration?

A

Chemical gradient

44
Q

What gradient is described as, like charges repelling; opposite charges attracting

A

Electrical gradient

45
Q

What two forces cause ions to flow through transmembrane channels

A
  • Chemical Gradients

- Electrical Gradients

46
Q

The strength of an ionic current across a membrane will vary in t direct proportion to ___ and ____

A
  • Strength/magnitude of the gradient

- conductance of the membrane to that ion

47
Q

The flow of ions (quantity per unit time) across the membrane is referred to as what?

A

I: Ionic “current”

48
Q

What determines the chemical gradient?

A

(Ci – Co): Concentration difference (inside minus outside)

49
Q

What reflects how readily the ion will pass through channels, relative to the strength of the gradient?

A

g:membrane “conductance” to a particular ion

50
Q

What expresses the electrical potential that will balance the concentration gradient for an individual ionic species?

A

The Nernst equation

51
Q

when the membrane potential (Vm) equals the Nernst potential, the system will be in _____

A

Steady state

52
Q

The electrical potential required to counter-balance the diffusion force arising from the concentration gradient is referred to as _____

A

(Ei-Eo) The Nernst equilibrium potential or (E)

53
Q

_________tells us that the membrane potential is due to the individual electrochemical gradients, as well as to the membrane conductance to individual ions

A

The Goldman equation

54
Q

In the Goldman equation, Vm is dependent on what two variables

A
  • Ex: the Nernst equilibrium potential for each ion (K+, Na+, Cl-)
  • gx: the membrane conductance for each ion

Neurophysiology test 1 (3 decks)

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