neuronal membrane

Question 1

key ingredient in intra/extra cellular fluid

Answer 1

water!!!

Question 2

water

Answer 2

-polar solvent
-covaelent bonds between h and o

Question 3

polar

Answer 3

charges are unevenly distributed

Question 4

ions

Answer 4

atoms or molecules with a net electrical charge

Question 5

spheres of hydration

Answer 5

clouds of water that surround ions

Question 6

phospholipid bilayer/ membrane

Answer 6

polar head- hydrophilic
nonpolar tail- hydrophobic (containing hydrocarbon)

Question 7

hydrophilic

Answer 7

dissolve in water due to uneven electrical charge (eg ions, water)

Question 8

hydrophobic

Answer 8

does not dissolve in water due to even electrical charge (eg lipid bilayer)

Question 9

four levels of protein structure

Answer 9

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 10

sodium potassium pump

Answer 10

enzyme- breaks down atp when na present

Question 11

calcium pump

Answer 11

actively transports ca2+ out of cytosol

Question 12

diffusion

Answer 12

the movement of ions from a region of high concentration to low concentration

Question 13

diffusion happens when:

Answer 13

-selective channels that are permeable to that ion exists
-concentration gradient across the membrane exists
(without channels there can be no movement of ions!!! + they cant get through bc they are hydrophilic and the inside of the membrane is phobic)

Question 14

electrical current

Answer 14

(I)
the movement of electrical charge

Question 15

electrical conductance

Answer 15

(g)
relative ability of a charge to migrate from one point to another

Question 16

Resistance

Answer 16

R = 1/g
opposite of conductance- the relative inability of a charge to mograte rom one point to another

Question 17

electrical potential

Answer 17

(voltage; V)
reflects the difference in charge between anode and cathode

Question 18

membrane potential

Answer 18

voltage across the neuronal membrane

Question 19

resting membrane potential

Answer 19

-60/-80 mV in most neurons

Question 20

voltage is measured with

Answer 20

a voltmeter

Question 21

equilibrium potential

Answer 21

-electrical potential difference that exactly balances the ionic concentration gradient
-there is no net movement of ions when separated by a phospholipid membrane

Question 22

electrical driving force

Answer 22

electrical driving force (electrical force) equal and opposite to chemical driving force (diffusion)