Neuronal Function Flashcards

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1
Q

excitable cells that are important in signaling
(electrical and chemical), coordination and movement (cell body, dendrites and axon)

A

Neurons (Nerve Cells)

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2
Q

3 types of neurons and their functions

A

Sensory - Transmit information and respond to stimuli

Interneurons - Connect other neurons within the CNS

Motor - Carry signals to effector organ

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3
Q

Components of the nervous system

A

Neurons and Neuroglia

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4
Q

These are the supporting cells in the nervous system

A

Neuroglia (glial cells)

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5
Q

Parts of the neuron and their functions

A

Soma - Cell Body; Responsible for metabolic maintenance of cell

Dendrites - Receives signals from other neurons

Axon - conduct signals away from the body

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6
Q

include the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells

A

Glial cells

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7
Q

Steps in transmission of signals in a single neuron

A
  1. Dendrites and cell body receive and integrate information.
  2. Axon hillock is the trigger zone. Action potentials travel from hillock to terminals.
  3. Action potentials move along the axon’s surface.
  4. Action potentials in axon terminals trigger neurotransmitter release, transmitting signals to other cells.
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8
Q

collect from and send out information to other neurons

A

Sensory Neurons (Afferent Neuron)

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9
Q

Axons of afferent neurons are called?

A

Afferent Fiber

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10
Q

Lie inside the Central Nervous System and carry information between other neurons

A

Interneurons

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11
Q

Specialized location where information is passed

A

Synapses

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12
Q

Neurons that carry the information out to the effectors

A

Motor (Efferent) Neurons

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13
Q

potential difference across the membrane
(separation of charges across the membrane)

A

Membrane Potential (Vm)

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14
Q

What governs the electrical properties of the membrane

A

Unequal distribution key ions between the ICF and ECF and their selective movement through the plasma membrane

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15
Q

Different parts of the membrane potential graph and what they mean (3)

A

Depolarization - Decrease in potential; les negative

Repolarization - Return to resting potential post depolarization

Hyperpolarization - Increase in potential; membrane more negative

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16
Q

passive movement of current across the cell
membrane

A

electrotonic conduction

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17
Q

Passive change in Vm depends on

A

K+ leak channels

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18
Q

hindrance to electrical
charge movement/ measure of
impermeability to ions

A

Resistance

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19
Q

measure of the amount of
charge that can be maintained across an
insulating gap

A

Capacitance

20
Q

spread by passive current flow and are impeded by resistances; die out over short distances

A

Graded Potentials

21
Q

Active change in Vm depends on

A

The opening or closing of gated ion selective
channels

22
Q

voltage difference across cell membrane

  • Ion concentration gradient in and out of the cell
  • Selective permeability of ion channels
A

Electrochemical Potentials

23
Q

concentration gradient and electrical potential difference are balanced/equal

A

Electrochemical Equilibrium

24
Q

potential difference across the membrane that balances the concentration gradient

A

Equilibrium Potential

25
Q

used in calculating equilibrium potential for single ions

A

Nernst Equation

26
Q

used in calculating equilibrium potential for multiple ions

A

Goldman Equation

27
Q

Potential difference at equilibrium (non-excited or resting state), Vrest

A

Resting Potentials

28
Q

Factors affecting Vrest

A
  • Selective Ion channel
  • Unequal distribution of ions in and out of cell
29
Q

Rapid, brief, large changes in membrane potential (Vm) that are propagated along axons

A

Action Potentials

30
Q

Factors affecting Action potentials

A
  • Unequal concentrations across membranes caused by active transport of ions
  • Electrochemical gradient across membranes
  • Selective gating of ion channels
31
Q

membrane potential that triggers AP (-50 to -55mV); critical all-or-none event

A

Threshold potential

32
Q

States that an excitable membrane either responds to a triggering event with a maximal action potential that spreads non-decrementally through-out the membrane, or it does not respond with an action potential at all.

A

All-or-none Law

33
Q

Types of conduction

A

Contiguous and Saltatory

34
Q

spread of the AP along every patch of membrane down the length of the axon

A

Contiguous Conduction

(contiguous means “touching” or “next to in sequence”)

35
Q

new action potential cannot be initiated by normal events.

Prevents backward flow

Limits AP frequency

A

Refractory Period

36
Q

membrane is completely refractory (unresponsive) to further stimulation

A

Absolute Refractory Period

37
Q

Second Action Potential can be produced by strong triggering event

A

Relative Refractory Event

38
Q

Action potential are speeded up by myelination, this is done by these two myelin forming cells

A

Oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann Cells (Non-CNS)

39
Q

Conduction in myelinated fiber, impulse “jumps” from node to node

A

Saltatory Conduction

40
Q

Non-gated ion channels

A

Leak Channels

41
Q

Ion Channels that open or close in response to specific triggering events

A

Gated Channels

42
Q

Two basic forms of electrical signal

A

Graded (Short distance/decay over time) and Action Potential (longer distance/no decay)

43
Q

Portion of the Membrane potential graph vs time graph where the membrane potential becomes positive

A

Overshoot

44
Q

Portion of the membrane potential vs time graph where the membrane potential is more negative than the resting potential

A

Hyperpolarization

45
Q

Ayoko na pls end the sem gapang

A