neuromuscular fundamentals

Question 1

what is an agonist

Answer 1

prime movers

Question 2

movements can have ? agonists

Answer 2

multiple

Question 3

agonists may produce what contraction ?

Answer 3

concentric or eccentric

Question 4

agonists muscle during bicep curls is

Answer 4

biceps brachii

Question 5

what is located on opposite side of joint from agonist

Answer 5

Antagonists muscle

Question 6

contralateral muscles are

Answer 6

antagonist muscles

Question 7

main function of antagonist muscles is

Answer 7

to relax and allow agonists muscle to produce movement

Question 8

surround joint or body part

Answer 8

stabilizers

Question 9

stabilizers contract to fixate or

Answer 9

stabilize the area to enable body segment to produce movement

Question 10

synergist assist

Answer 10

agonist muscles

Question 11

synergists main function is to

Answer 11

assist in refined movement

Question 12

Neutralizers

Answer 12

Counteract or neutralize action of another muscle to prevent undesirable movements

Question 13

Force Couples

Answer 13

occur when two or more forces are pulling in different directions on an object, causing the object to rotate about its axis

Question 14

Uniarticular Muscles

Answer 14

cross and act directly only on the joint that they cross Ex: Brachialis can only pull the humerus and ulna closer together

Question 15

Biarticular Muscles

Answer 15

Muscles cross and act on two different joints Ex: Quadriceps muscle

Question 16

What are the two advantages that biarticular muscles have over uniarticular muscles

Answer 16

1. Cause and / or control motion at more than one joint
2. Maintain a relatively constant length due to “shortening” at one joint and “lengthening” at another joint

Question 17

Hip and Knee biarticular muscles during squats

Answer 17

Quadriceps : hip flexion and knee extension
Hamstrings: hip extension and knee flexion

Question 18

In squatting down, hip and knee joints flex simultaneously

Answer 18

Quadriceps : Shorten at hip joint and lengthens at the knee joint
Hamstrings: lengthen at hip joint and shorten at knee joint

Question 19

Multiarticular Muscles

Answer 19

act on three or more joints between their origin and insertion crossing multiple joints

Question 20

Active Insufficiency

Answer 20

is reached when the muscle becomes shortened to the point that it can not generate or maintain active tension

Question 21

Passively Insufficiency

Answer 21

is reached when the opposing muscle becomes stretched to the point where it can no longer lengthen and allow movement

Question 22

When concentrically contracting quadriceps to simultaneously cause hip flexion and knee extension, no further hip flexion and knee extension is achieved beyond a certain range of motion. This occurs because of the

Answer 22

Active insufficiency of the quadriceps

Question 23

When trying to perform hip extension with knee in fully flexed position, it is difficult to extend hip beyond a certain point because of

Answer 23

Passive insufficiency of hip flexors (quadriceps)